Increased Winter‐Mean Wave Height, Variability, and Periodicity in the Northeast Atlantic Over 1949–2017

Castelle, Bruno; Dodet, Guillaume; Masselink, Gerd; Scott, Tim

doi:10.1002/2017gl076884

Cited by 94 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Valiente et al (2019) show that sheetflow conditions may occur around 30-40-m depth under extreme storm conditions. The region has been subject to a significant increase in extreme (99th percentile) H s of 1% per annum, among the largest increases observed globally, and an increase in winter H s and interannual variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and West European Pressure Anomaly indexes (Castelle et al, 2017(Castelle et al, , 2018Young et al, 2011). Positive West European Pressure Anomaly values result in higher wave heights south of 52°N and increased storm clustering (Castelle et al, 2017;Hanley & Caballero, 2012;Scott et al, 2016).…”

Section: Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative incident wave angle to the steady flow influences the vertical current profile and variation in apparent bed roughness, demonstrated by analytical and numerical models (Fredsøe, ; Grant & Madsen, , ; Olabarrieta et al, ; Tambroni et al, ). With significant positive trends observed in global 99th percentile wave heights from 1991 to 2008 in buoy and altimeter data (Young et al, ), and upward trends in storminess across central, western, and northern Europe (Castelle et al, ; Donal et al, ), understanding the effect of waves on shelf sediment transport is potentially of increasing importance to coastal communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Waves and Tides on Residual Sand Transport on a Sediment‐Poor, Energetic, and Macrotidal Continental Shelf

et al. 2019

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The energetic, macrotidal shelf off South West England was used to investigate the influence of different tide and wave conditions and their interactions on regional sand transport patterns using a coupled hydrodynamic, wave, and sediment transport model. Residual currents and sediment transport patterns are important for the transport and distribution of littoral and shelf‐sea sediments, morphological evolution of the coastal and inner continental shelf zones, and coastal planning. Waves heavily influence sand transport across this macrotidal environment. Median (50% exceedance) waves enhance transport in the tidal direction. Extreme (1% exceedance) waves can reverse the dominant transport path, shift the dominant transport phase from flood to ebb, and activate sand transport below 120‐m depth. Wave‐tide interactions (encompassing radiation stresses, Stoke's drift, enhanced bottom‐friction and bed shear stress, refraction, current‐induced Doppler shift, and wave blocking) significantly and nonlinearly enhance sand transport, determined by differencing transport between coupled, wave‐only, and tide‐only simulations. A new continental shelf classification scheme is presented based on sand transport magnitude due to wave‐forcing, tide‐forcing, and nonlinear wave‐tide interactions. Classification changes between different wave/tide conditions have implications for sand transport direction and distribution across the shelf. Nonlinear interactions dominate sand transport during extreme waves at springs across most of this macrotidal shelf. At neaps, nonlinear interactions drive a significant proportion of sand transport under median and extreme waves despite negligible tide‐induced transport. This emphasizes the critical need to consider wave‐tide interactions when considering sand transport in energetic environments globally, where previously tides alone or uncoupled waves have been considered.

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Section: Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Waves and Tides on Residual Sand Transport on a Sediment‐Poor, Energetic, and Macrotidal Continental Shelf

et al. 2019

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“…They showed that the 2013–14 winter was associated with the highest WEPA over 1948–2016, which reflects an intensified and southward shift of the sea‐level pressure difference between the Icelandic low and the Azores high, driving severe storms that funnel high‐energy waves toward western Europe southward of 52° N. This high WEPA was linked to a recent increase in inter‐annual variability, which was also observed in the winter‐wave variability along western Europe (Castelle et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beach recovery from extreme storm activity during the 2013–14 winter along the Atlantic coast of Europe

Dodet

Castelle

Masselink

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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100

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The storm sequence of the 2013–14 winter left many beaches along the Atlantic coast of Europe in their most eroded state for decades. Understanding how beaches recover from such extreme events is essential for coastal managers, especially in light of potential regional increases in storminess due to climate change. Here we analyse a unique dataset of decadal beach morphological changes along the west coast of Europe to investigate the post‐2013–14 winter recovery. We show that the recovery signature is site specific and multi‐annual, with one studied beach fully recovered after 2 years, and the others only partially recovered after 4 years. During the recovery phase, winter waves primarily control the timescales of beach recovery, as energetic winter conditions stall the recovery process whereas moderate winter conditions accelerate it. This inter‐annual variability is well correlated with climate indices. On exposed beaches, an equilibrium model showed significant skill in reproducing the post‐storm recovery and thus can be used to investigate the recovery process in more detail. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Interactions with stakeholders (such as fisheries and coastal planners) have highlighted the importance of understanding future changes in waves under high‐end climate change. Castelle et al () show that winter wave height around Europe has increased significantly since 1984, as well as variability in wave conditions. Large/long‐period waves are the most damaging for overtopping (Palmer et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Wave Conditions of Europe, in Response to High‐End Climate Change Scenarios

Bricheno

Wolf

2018

JGR Oceans

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Changes in future North Atlantic storminess will impact upon wave conditions along the European coasts, with implications for coastal erosion, overtopping, and flood risk. In this study we make a detailed analysis of historic and future wave conditions around the European Atlantic coast, making projections out to the year 2100 under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 future emissions scenarios. A decrease in mean significant wave height of the order 0.2 m is projected across most of the European coast. Increases in the annual maximum and 99th percentile wave height as large as 0.5–1 m are observed in some areas but with a more complex spatial pattern. An increase in waves to the north of Scotland is also observed, mainly caused by a reduction in sea ice. We generate a set of coastal wave projections at around 10‐km resolution around continental Europe, Ireland, and the British Isles. Widening of the probability density function (PDF) is observed, suggesting an increased intensity of rare high wave events in the future. The emergent signal of a reduced mean wave height is statistically robust, while the future changes in extreme waves have a wider confidence interval. An assessment of different extreme waves metrics reveals different climate change response at very high percentiles; thus, care should be taken when assessing future changes in rare wave events.

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Increased Winter‐Mean Wave Height, Variability, and Periodicity in the Northeast Atlantic Over 1949–2017

Cited by 94 publications

References 63 publications

The Impact of Waves and Tides on Residual Sand Transport on a Sediment‐Poor, Energetic, and Macrotidal Continental Shelf

The Impact of Waves and Tides on Residual Sand Transport on a Sediment‐Poor, Energetic, and Macrotidal Continental Shelf

Beach recovery from extreme storm activity during the 2013–14 winter along the Atlantic coast of Europe

Future Wave Conditions of Europe, in Response to High‐End Climate Change Scenarios

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