“…This point is also supported by a report showing that recombinant IL-2 treatment in a phase III trial actually enhanced Treg populations, possibly explaining why this treatment failed to elicit better clinical outcome (Weiss, Letimier et al, 2010). Treg depletion has been associated with an increase in immune activation (Eggena, Barugahare et al, 2005) and several important studies have demonstrated correlation of Treg proliferation and turnover with lower CD4 counts (Bi, Suzuki et al, 2009;Piconi, Trabattoni et al, 2010;Xing, Fu et al, 2010). Interestingly, elite controllers, a rare population of individuals that can maintain undetectable HIV viral loads in the absence of HAART, demonstrated higher frequencies of Treg cells compared to individuals on HAART (Chase, Yang et al, 2008).…”