Increased serum levels of aldehydes are associated with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors in adults

Xu, Cheng; Liang, Jingjia; Xu, Shuqin; Liu, Qian; Xu, Jin; Gu, Aihua

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123134

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These were studies where the median exposure was > 4 units. For the Lee et al (2020) and the two Xu et al ( 2020) results [9,12], however, RB estimator performed better than the other two methods [6]. In these three instances, the median of the exposure variable was less than one, which was not the case for the other studies (see Supplementary Materials Table S2).…”

Section: Application To Real Datamentioning

confidence: 81%

“…We identified nine published analyses of data for which the raw data were publicly available and that met our criteria for selection (Table S1; as noted above, we counted the Xu et al, 2020 study twice because they presented results for a continuous and a dichotomous outcome in relation to the same exposure) [9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The results of our re-analyses were generally the same order of magnitude as those originally published (Table S1).…”

Section: Application To Real Datamentioning

confidence: 84%

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Re-expressing coefficients from regression models for inclusion in a meta-analysis

Linakis

Landingham

Longnecker

2021

Preprint

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BackgroundQuantitative summaries of study results, or meta-analyses, have proven useful in several fields, but pose special challenges when applied to non-randomized studies of exposure in relation to outcome. One such issue arises when summarizing regression results when some studies have log-transformed exposure while others have not. Methods of re-expression have recently been developed, with the goal of generating comparable results across studies regardless of data transformation. We examined the validity of three re-expression methods using simulations and real data examples.MethodsSimulations were developed to examine the validity of the re-expression methods when the exposure had a skewed distribution. We also identified 15 published studies for which we were able to either access the data and replicate the result, or which had provided regression coefficients (β) from analyses with both log-transformed and untransformed exposure data. For the simulated and real data we re-expressed β as though it had been based on untransformed data, and vice versa. We compared the re-expressed results to fitted regression coefficients. The proportional difference from the fitted β was used to quantitate bias. We also examined the effect of influential observations on the success of the re-expression using the real data examples.ResultsIn the simulated and real data examples, all three re-expression methods usually gave biased results. The method of Rodriguez-Barranco et al. (2017) tended to give less biased results but with a wider range of bias. For example, in the real data, when re-expressing results as if they had been fit to untransformed exposure, the median estimate was 22% too high, with a range of −40% to 1,904%. In some analyses, the presence of influential observations had a large effect on the validity of the re-expression.ConclusionsWhen the distribution of exposure is skewed, the re-expression methods examined are likely to give biased results. The bias varied by method, the direction of the re-expression, skewness, influential observations, and in some cases, the median exposure. Meta-analysts using any of these re-expression methods may want to consider the uncertainty, the likely direction and degree of bias, and conduct sensitivity analyses on the re-expressed results.

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Section: Application To Real Datamentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Application To Real Datamentioning

confidence: 84%

Re-expressing coefficients from regression models for inclusion in a meta-analysis

Linakis

Landingham

Longnecker

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Studies have linked aldehydes to various human diseases (Uchida 2000) due to their cytotoxicity (Xie et al 2016). Our previous studies have shown that serum isopentanaldehyde is associated with obesity , and that benzaldehyde and isopentanaldehyde are associated with CVD , and these ndings have also been veri ed by another study (Xu et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Dietary Fiber Reduces the Concentrations of Certain Aldehydes in Serum

Shi¹,

Zhu²,

Liao³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Aldehydes have been shown to be potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic, and cardiotoxic to humans. Dietary fiber reduces exposure to certain environmental pollutants and has been widely used to improve various metabolic disorders. However, the effects of dietary fiber on serum concentrations of aldehydes remain unexplored. We collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014. Generalized linear regression and restricted cubic spline models were performed to elucidate the association of dietary fiber intake with the serum concentration of aldehydes. After fully adjusting for age, sex, education level, race, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, energy intake, poverty-income ratio and physical activity, dietary fiber intake had a strong negative association with serum levels of isopentanaldehyde and propanaldehyde and a positive association with serum levels of benzaldehyde. The estimated increases in the mean log2-unit (ng/mL) of aldehydes for each fold increase in dietary fiber ranged from − 0.155 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: -0.210 to -0.101) for isopentanaldehyde to -0.053 (95% CI: -0.094 to -0.011) for propanaldehyde and 0.156 (95% CI: 0.091 to 0.222) for benzaldehyde. No significant association was observed between dietary fiber intake and the concentration of any other aldehydes. These results demonstrate that dietary fiber reduces the concentration of certain aldehydes in serum.

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“…Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include heart and vasculature diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), angina, heart attack (HA), heart failure (HF) and stroke, is a leading cause of death worldwide. (Xu et al 2020a) According to a report from the American Heart Association (AHA) in 2010, CVD mortality accounted for nearly 33% of all mortality; and one person died from CVD every 38 seconds. Moreover, more than 785,000 people were estimated to have new or recurrent CVD every year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased serum levels of cadmium are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in adults

Zhang

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Previous studies have determined the effects of exposure to some heavy metals on cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the association between exposure to cadmium and CVD in adults remains unclear. The relationship between serum levels of cadmium and the risk of CVD was studied by analysing available data from 38,223 participants who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2016. After adjusting for all covariates, we found that higher serum cadmium concentrations were positively related to both the overall risk of CVD (odds ratio (OR):1.45; 95% con dence interval (CI): 1.22, 1.72; p for trend <0.001) and the risks of its subtypes, including congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart attack and stroke. Elevated levels of cadmium were associated with increased levels of lipids and in ammation parameters, including blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, white blood cells (WBCs) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Our study provided epidemiological evidence that cadmium may increase the risk of CVD by elevating blood lipids and in ammation. CapsuleHigh blood levels of Cd are associated with increased risks of overall CVD and four of the CVD subtypes

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Increased serum levels of aldehydes are associated with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors in adults

Cited by 60 publications

References 43 publications

Re-expressing coefficients from regression models for inclusion in a meta-analysis

Re-expressing coefficients from regression models for inclusion in a meta-analysis

Dietary Fiber Reduces the Concentrations of Certain Aldehydes in Serum

Increased serum levels of cadmium are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in adults

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