Increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma among males of french origin born in maghreb (north africa)

Jeannel, Dominique; Ghnassia, M. D.; Hubert, Annie; Sancho‐Garnier, H.; Eschwège, F.; Crognier, Émile; de-Thé, G

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910540403

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Moreover, risk seems to decrease with longer duration of residence (30) and with succeeding generations in the West (31). In contrast, risk of NPC increases among White males born in China or the Philippines, compared with those born in the United States (32), and among males of French origin born in North Africa, compared with those born in southern France (33). However, the apparent decline in NPC incidence among Chinese after migration to the West may be overestimated, because reported rates do not account for the mixture of highand low-risk migrants in the source population.…”

Section: Descriptive Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 95%

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chang

Adami

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

1,145

1,009

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique and complex etiology that is not completely understood. Although NPC is rare in most populations, it is a leading form of cancer in a few well-defined populations, including natives of southern China, Southeast Asia, the Arctic, and the Middle East/North Africa. The distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of NPC worldwide suggests that both environmental factors and genetic traits contribute to its development. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of NPC and to propose new avenues of research that could help illuminate the causes and ultimately the prevention of this remarkable disease. Well-established risk factors for NPC include elevated antibody titers against the Epstein-Barr virus, consumption of salt-preserved fish, a family history of NPC, and certain human leukocyte antigen class I genotypes. Consumption of other preserved foods, tobacco smoking, and a history of chronic respiratory tract conditions may be associated with elevated NPC risk, whereas consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and other human leukocyte antigen genotypes may be associated with decreased risk. Evidence for a causal role of various inhalants, herbal medicines, and occupational exposures is inconsistent. Other than dietary modification, no concrete preventive measures for NPC exist. Given the unresolved gaps in understanding of NPC, there is a clear need for large-scale, populationbased molecular epidemiologic studies to elucidate how environmental, viral, and genetic factors interact in both the development and the prevention of this disease. PurposeIntriguing hallmarks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) include its striking racial/ethnic and geographic variation, as well as its multifactorial etiology involving the interplay of environmental, viral, and genetic risk factors. The precise roles of these factors in the development of NPC, however, remain unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is understood about the epidemiology of NPC, as well as to present unresolved research questions that call for large-scale molecular epidemiologic studies of NPC to illuminate the underlying causes of this fascinating disease. Review MethodsA thorough review of the literature related to the etiology of NPC was undertaken, starting with a Medline search from 1966 onward. Additional papers, book sections, and monographs were identified through examination of reference lists. Because this review aims to present the epidemiologic evidence in a range of topic areas, rather than to calculate overall estimates of effect, formal quantitative methods were not used. All relevant papers have been cited to provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence. Inclusion or exclusion criteria were not applied to individual reports, but the strength, consistency, and relevance of the findings were considered in weighing the evidence.Descriptive Epidemiology

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Section: Descriptive Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 95%

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chang

Adami

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

1,145

1,009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Outside of endemic areas in Southeast Asia, NPC is rare, occurring in less than 1/1,000,000 people [3]. In North America, NPC accounts for approximately 0.2% of all malignancies, with approximately 0.5–2 cases per 100,000 males and about one-third of that in females [4–6]. The incidence of NPC reportedly remains high among Chinese people who have emigrated to Southeast Asia or North America, but is lower among Chinese people born in North America than in those born in Southern China [7, 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Tabuchi

Nakayama

Nishimura

et al. 2011

International Journal of Otolaryngology

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique disease with a clinical presentation, epidemiology, and histopathology differing from other squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. NPC is an Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancy with a marked racial and geographic distribution. Specifically, it is highly prevalent in southern China, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. To date, most NPC patients have been diagnosed in the advanced stage, but the treatment results for advanced NPC are not satisfactory. This paper provides a brief overview regarding NPC, with the focus on the early detection of initial and recurrent NPC lesions.

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“…Although consumption of Cantonese salted fish, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and hereditary predispositions, such as having family history of cancer, may be the major risk factors for NPC, [4][5][6] studies with respect to the incidence rate of NPC among migrants indicate that other environmental factors also may play a role. [7][8][9] NPC was classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1991 into two categories based on the histologic type: Type I, keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (KSCC) and Type II, nonkeratinizing carcinoma (NKC), which was further divided to the subtypes of differentiated and undifferentiated. 10 The classification of NPC is based solely on light microscopy, with KSCC showing definite evidence of squamous differentiation including intercellular bridges and/or keratinization to a large extent, differentiated NKC exhibiting a pavement-like arrangement and clearly defined cell margins between cells and undifferentiated NKC appearing syncytial in sheet-like masses and indistinct cell margins 11 ( Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk by histologic type in central China: Impact of smoking, alcohol and family history

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2010

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The role of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, family history of cancer and the interaction of cigarettes and family history in the etiology of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in general and within each histologic type are unclear. We conducted a case-control study among 1,044 Han Chinese patients with NPC and 1,095 Han Chinese cancer-free control subjects.Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between histologic type of NPC and cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and family history. The results indicated that NPC was significantly associated with cigarette smoking [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5 2.97, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.38-3.70], and the association exhibited a dose-response relationship for intensity, duration, and cumulative consumption of cigarettes (p trend < 0.0001 for intensity, duration and cumulative consumption of cigarettes). Positive family history of cancer led to a significant 12-fold elevated risk of NPC (adjusted OR 5 12.95, 95% CI, 7.12-23.54) and acted jointly with cigarettes in contributing to NPC risk (adjusted OR 5 56.68, 95% CI,). The association of NPC risk with cigarettes was stronger for nonkeratinizing carcinoma than for keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (KSCC), whereas family history was more closely associated with KSCC. NPC risk was not associated with alcohol consumption. Our study demonstrated that cigarette smoking and family history of cancer could serve independently and jointly as risk factors for etiology of NPC and might affect the risk of histology-specific NPC differently. This knowledge may help facilitate comprehension of NPC etiology in general as well as within each histologic type, and thereby improve prevention efforts.

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Increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma among males of french origin born in maghreb (north africa)

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Early Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk by histologic type in central China: Impact of smoking, alcohol and family history

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