Increased Risk of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Male Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Carotid artery stenosis is a narrowing or constriction of any part of the carotid arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis. However, no studies have specifically evaluated the association between carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and chronic periodontitis (CP). This study was to investigate the role of CP in increasing the subsequent risk of CA in the overall Taiwanese population. We carried out this retrospective cohort study, employing data derived from the National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 72,630 patients who were newly diagnosed with CP from 2001 to 2012 were selected. For a propensity-matched control group, 72,630 healthy patients without CP were picked at random, matched according to age, sex, and index year from the general population. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, which included sex, age, and comorbidities, was adopted to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of CA between the CP cohort and non-CP cohort. The average ages of the CP and non-CP groups were 44.02 ± 14.63 years and 44.15 ± 14.41 years, respectively. The follow up durations were 8.65 and 8.59 years for CP and non-CP groups, respectively. The results demonstrated that 305 and 284 patients with newly diagnosed CA were found in the CP cohort and non-CP cohort, respectively. There was no significant difference of developing CA in the CP cohort compared with the non-CP cohort (adjusted HR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI, 0.86–1.19). However, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the male group had significantly higher incidence risk of CA (log rank p = 0.046). In conclusion, this nationwide retrospective cohort study indicated that male patients with CP exhibited a significantly higher risk of CA than those without CP.

The Association of Periodontal Treatment and Decreased Pneumonia: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

“…LHID2010 comprises 1,000,000 randomly sampled beneficiaries enrolled from the National Health Insurance (NHI) program in 2010. Collected data such as registration information and dental and medical records on these individuals were described previously [12][13][14]. The NHIRD identifies diseases on the basis of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM).…”

Increased Risk of Migraine in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

“…Apart from this, the inflammatory response from periodontal pathogens or their virulent factors could have indirect systemic effects by an immunological reaction. From the literature review, CP may be linked with vascular systemic inflammation in patients with psoriasis [ 10 ], cardiovascular disease [ 11 ] and psychiatric disorders [ 12 ].…”

Radical Hysterectomy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Bulky-Size Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis between the Robotic and Abdominal Approaches

“…Moreover, the therapeutic choice for patients with LBS-CC is debated [88]; therefore the patients enrolled in the current study were mainly based on shared decision making, which directly influenced the sample size, resulting in an insufficient power to properly compare PFS and OS between the two types of surgery after NACT. Second, based on the same reason shown above, an additional cost is required for receiving robotic surgery, which is not covered by the National Insurance Health Care System in Taiwan [89,90,91,92,93,94], and the risk of selection bias could not be totally avoided, contributing to a significantly greater number of patients with FIGO stage IIB in the robotic group. This is a well-known limitation of the retrospective design.…”