Increased populations of deleterious fluorescent pseudomonads colonizing rhizomes of leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) and expression of symptoms of fern distortion syndrome after application of Benlate systemic fungicide

Kloepper, Joseph W.; Hu, Chia-Hui; Burkett-Cadena, Marleny; Liu, Ke; Xu, Jia; McInroy, John A.

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.09.009

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The lack of weeds has been shown to negatively influence the diversity of some insects and birds in agroecosystems [190]. Some agricultural pesticides have been indirectly linked to increased DRB numbers [114,116,191,192], and it was recently concluded that the fungicide carbendazim inhibits AM fungal colonization of pepper plants [193]. It is difficult to generalize non-target effects of agrichemicals (herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides) on beneficial soil biota because the experimental conditions and results of individual studies are variable.…”

Section: A General Approach: Modify the Whole Soil Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In opposition to PGPR/B is a loosely-defined group of microorganisms termed "deleterious rhizosphere bacteria" (DRB) [114,115]. These soil bacteria have been determined to have negative consequences for plant growth and vigor via mechanisms that include phytotoxin and phytohormone production, nutrient competition, and inhibition of AM fungi [115].…”

Section: The Significance Of Soil Biology To Sustaining Agriculture Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation

et al. 2015

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Our objective is to provide an optimistic strategy for reversing soil degradation by increasing public and private research efforts to understand the role of soil biology, particularly microbiology, on the health of our world's soils. We begin by defining soil quality/soil health (which we consider to be interchangeable terms), characterizing healthy soil resources, and relating the significance of soil health to agroecosystems and their functions. We examine how soil biology influences soil health and how biological properties and processes contribute to sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services. We continue by examining what can be done to manipulate soil biology to: (i) increase nutrient availability for production of high yielding, high quality crops; (ii) protect crops from pests, pathogens, weeds; and (iii) manage other factors limiting production, provision of ecosystem services, and resilience to stresses like droughts. Next we look to the future by asking what needs to be known about soil biology that is not currently recognized or fully understood and how these needs could be addressed using emerging research tools. We conclude, based on our perceptions of how new knowledge regarding soil biology will help make agriculture more sustainable and productive, by recommending research emphases that should receive first priority through enhanced public and private research in order to reverse the trajectory toward global soil degradation.

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Section: A General Approach: Modify the Whole Soil Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Significance Of Soil Biology To Sustaining Agriculture Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation

et al. 2015

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“…Production of IAA has been reported to be a determinant of allelopathic or deleterious effects of some rhizosphere bacteria on plants [14] and [3]. Lindow et al [15] reported that fruit russet of pear was associated with mixed populations of IAA-producing epiphytic bacteria, including species of fluorescent pseudomonads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the native population of bacteria in the rhizosphere and inside rhizomes of healthy ferns are groups of fluorescent pseudomonads, and likely other eubacterial genera, that contain genes for production of virulence and colonization factors. Perturbations in the growth of ferns, such as the application of specific systemic fungicides [3], trigger population increases of these bacterial groups. As populations increase, quorum sensing activates expression of colonization and virulence factors as well as horizontal transfer of virulence genes to other closely related phylogenetic groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fern growers noted that increased distortions of fronds in Florida were reported to coincide with the widespread use of Benlate systemic fungicide [2]. Support for the suggestion that Benlate could be an inducing factor for FDS came from a recent study [3] showing that 24 months after treatment with Benlate, distortions of frond growth and other symptoms associated with FDS were present along with increased endophytic populations of fluorescent pseudomonads inside rhizomes. The second question arising from the model is do fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from ferns with symptoms of FDS recreate symptoms upon inoculation into asymptomatic ferns?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptoms of Fern Distortion Syndrome Resulting from Inoculation with Opportunistic Endophytic Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.

et al. 2013

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BackgroundFern Distortion Syndrome (FDS) is a serious disease of Leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis). The main symptom of FDS is distortion of fronds, making them unmarketable. Additional symptoms include stunting, irregular sporulation, decreased rhizome diameter, and internal discoloration of rhizomes. We previously reported an association of symptoms with increased endophytic rhizome populations of fluorescent pseudomonads (FPs). The aim of the current study was to determine if FPs from ferns in Costa Rica with typical FDS symptoms would recreate symptoms of FDS.Methodology and FindingsGreenhouse tests were conducted over a 29-month period. Micro-propagated ferns derived from tissue culture were first grown one year to produce rhizomes. Then, using an 8×9 randomized complete block experimental design, 8 replicate rhizomes were inoculated by dipping into 9 different treatments before planting. Treatments included water without bacteria (control), and four different groups of FPs, each at a two concentrations. The four groups of FPs included one group from healthy ferns without symptoms (another control treatment), two groups isolated from inside rhizomes of symptomatic ferns, and one group isolated from inside roots of symptomatic ferns. Symptoms were assessed 12 and 17 months later, and populations of FPs inside newly formed rhizomes were determined after 17 months. Results showed that inoculation with mixtures of FPs from ferns with FDS symptoms, but not from healthy ferns, recreated the primary symptom of frond deformities and also the secondary symptoms of irregular sporulation, decreased rhizome diameter, and internal discoloration of rhizomes.ConclusionsThese results suggest a model of causation of FDS in which symptoms result from latent infections by multiple species of opportunistic endophytic bacteria containing virulence genes that are expressed when populations inside the plant reach a minimum level.

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INOCULACIÓN DE VAINITA (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) CON DIFERENTES CONCENTRACIONES DE Rhizobium etli Y SU INFLUENCIA SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO DEL CULTIVO

et al. 2017

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ResumenEl cultivo de vainita está bastante difundido en la costa sur peruana que tiene características desérticas. Se trabajó a nivel de laboratorio, para producir el inoculante y aplicarlo en campo, mediante un diseño en bloques completamente aleatorizado. Los tratamientos fueron: inoculante 2. suelo, control negativo agua destilada, testigo fertilizado y testigo biológico. Se cuantificó el número de nódulos por planta y el porcentaje de nódulos efectivos por planta. En cada cosecha se determinó el rendimiento por hectárea, rendimiento por planta, longitud de vaina, peso de vaina y número de vainas por planta. Se determinó la influencia de la inoculación con diferentes concentraciones de Rhizobium etli sobre el rendimiento de este cultivo. El tratamiento inoculado con una concentración de 2.5 x 10 9 cel g -1 suelo generó el mayor número de nódulos totales con un promedio de 47.67 y con una efectividad de 84.02%. Este tratamiento produjo una mayor influencia en el rendimiento por hectárea, rendimiento por planta y número de vainas por planta, al mismo tiempo que no tuvo diferencia significativa al ser comparado con el testigo fertilizado. Palabras clave: rizobio, cepa, vaina, inoculante, nódulos y nitrógeno. AbstractThe green bean crop is fairly widespread in the Peruvian southern coast which has desert features. At the laboratory level, we worked to produce the inoculant and to apply it in the field through a completely randomized blocks design. The treatments were the following: inoculant 2. soil generated the largest number of total nodules with an average of 47.67 and an effectiveness of 84.02%. This treatment produced a higher influence on the yield per hectare and per plant and the number of pods per plant, but it did not have a significant difference when it was compared with the fertilized control. Key words: rhizobia, strain, pod, inoculant, nodules and nitrogen. Introducción.Aproximadamente el 85% de la fijación de nitrógeno en la tierra tiene un origen biológico. En la fijación de nitrógeno, éste se reduce a amoniaco que es convertido en forma orgánica, esta actividad es característica de algunos procariotas. Bacterias como los rizobios pueden hacer simbiosis con las raíces de plantas leguminosas, formar nódulos radicales y realizar la fijación biológica de nitrógeno (Madigan et al., 2000).La fijación biológica de nitrógeno es un proceso natural e importante dentro de la agricultura mundial. Los cálculos globales estimados en cuanto a esta fijación, específicamente relacionadas a la simbiosis entre los rizobios y los cultivos de leguminosas son alrededor de 20-22 millones de toneladas de nitrógeno por año (Herridge et al., 2008). La mayor parte del nitrógeno fijado por las leguminosas es retirado durante la cosecha, siendo las semillas las que presentan un alto valor proteico. Sin embargo, es conocido también que el cultivo de leguminosas mejora la productividad en cultivos posteriores, debido a una mejor disponibilidad de nitrógeno en los suelos (Peoples et al., 2009).La aplicación de fertilizantes q...

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Increased populations of deleterious fluorescent pseudomonads colonizing rhizomes of leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) and expression of symptoms of fern distortion syndrome after application of Benlate systemic fungicide

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation

Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation

Symptoms of Fern Distortion Syndrome Resulting from Inoculation with Opportunistic Endophytic Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.

INOCULACIÓN DE VAINITA (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) CON DIFERENTES CONCENTRACIONES DE Rhizobium etli Y SU INFLUENCIA SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO DEL CULTIVO

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