Increased Mortality Associated With Vitamin A Deficiency During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Semba, Richard D.; Graham, Neil M.H.; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; Margolick, Joseph B.; Clement, Liliana; Vlahov, David

doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410180103012

Cited by 169 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Studies with a greater representation of drug users (>20%) consistently demonstrate deficiencies, with rates of vitamin A deficiency varying from 15–80% 6–10. Baum and Shor-Posner compared micronutrient deficiencies in HIV infected drug users and homosexual men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, forty one (14%) of our participants had serum vitamin A below 30 ug/dl. Low serum vitamin A has been associated with a five to six-fold increased risk of mortality in HIV infected drug users 6. However, it is not clear that micronutrient supplementation would result in an appropriate serum response in the presence of chronic HCV infection, or whether hepatic disease might block micronutrient metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum micronutrient deficiencies were commonly observed in HIV infected persons prior to the availability of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART)6–14. Low serum micronutrients have also been reported in persons with chronic hepatitis infection 15–17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with serum retinol, α-tocopherol, carotenoids, and selenium in Hispanics with problems of HIV, chronic hepatitis C, and drug use

Forrester

Wang

Knox

et al. 2009

J Public Health Pol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factors associated with serum retinol, α-tocopherol, carotenoids, and selenium in Hispanics with problems of HIV, chronic hepatitis C, and drug use

Forrester

Wang

Knox

et al. 2009

J Public Health Pol

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“…Likewise, vitamin A status as an important cofactor in HIV progression has been reported. Low vitamin A concentrations were significantly associated with CD4 T-cell counts and increased progression to AIDS and as a result increased risk of mortality in HIV infected people [61, 62]. In Ethiopia, vitamin A deficiency has been reported as a severe public health problem among HIV infected patients [20, 21].…”

Section: The Influence Of Micronutrient Deficiency On the Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadruple Burden of HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Chronic Intestinal Parasitoses, and Multiple Micronutrient Deficiency in Ethiopia: A Summary of Available Findings

Amare

Moges

Mulu

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), and helminthic infections are among the commonest public health problems in the sub-Saharan African countries like Ethiopia. Multiple micronutrient deficiencies also known as the “hidden hunger” are common in people living in these countries either playing a role in their pathogenesis or as consequences. This results in a vicious cycle of multiple micronutrient deficiencies and infection/disease progression. As infection is profoundly associated with nutritional status resulting from decreased nutrient intake, decreased nutrient absorption, and nutrient losses, micronutrient deficiencies affect immune system and impact infection and diseases progression. As a result, micronutrients, immunity, and infection are interrelated. The goal of this review is therefore to provide a summary of available findings regarding the “quadruple burden trouble” of HIV, TB, intestinal parasitic infections, and multiple micronutrient deficiencies to describe immune-modulating effects related to disorders.

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“…There are several possible reasons why there may be an association between the two diseases. Increased morbidity and mortality from other infectious diseases, including respiratory and diarrhoeal disease,4 measles, and HIV,5 have been associated with vitamin A deficiency 6. Both vitamin A deficiency and trachoma are associated with low socioeconomic conditions and have the highest prevalence among children between the ages of 3 and 6 years 7.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjunctival impression cytology for vitamin A deficiency in the presence of infectious trachoma

Lietman

Dhital

Dean

1998

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Background/aims-Increased morbidity and mortality from a number of infectious diseases have been associated with vitamin A deficiency. Trachoma and vitamin A deficiency are both important causes of blindness in Nepal. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency by conjunctival impression cytology and the diagnosis of infectious trachoma by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the Lumbini zone of Nepal. Methods-70 children under the age of 11 in a rural village in the Lumbini zone were examined for clinical evidence of active trachoma. The conjunctiva of each child was tested for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection using PCR, and for loss of goblet cells (a sign of subclinical vitamin A deficiency) using conjunctival impression cytology. Results-The presence of infectious trachoma was associated with the loss of goblet cells on conjunctival impression cytology (p=0.02). This relation was present and significant even when adjusted for age (p=0.05) and degree of inflammation (p=0.02). In fact, even subclinical infection with chlamydia was associated with an abnormal conjunctival impression cytology (p=0.02). Conclusions-Children with infectious trachoma are significantly more likely to have an abnormal conjunctival impression cytology, even if the infection is subclinical. Thus, the diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency from conjunctival impression cytology alone should be made with some caution in areas with endemic trachoma. Further studies will be needed to determine the cause of this association.

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Increased Mortality Associated With Vitamin A Deficiency During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Cited by 169 publications

References 30 publications

Factors associated with serum retinol, α-tocopherol, carotenoids, and selenium in Hispanics with problems of HIV, chronic hepatitis C, and drug use

Factors associated with serum retinol, α-tocopherol, carotenoids, and selenium in Hispanics with problems of HIV, chronic hepatitis C, and drug use

Quadruple Burden of HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Chronic Intestinal Parasitoses, and Multiple Micronutrient Deficiency in Ethiopia: A Summary of Available Findings

Conjunctival impression cytology for vitamin A deficiency in the presence of infectious trachoma

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