Increased locomotor activity and metabolism of<i>Aedes aegypti</i>infected with a life-shortening strain of<i>Wolbachia pipientis</i>

Evans, Oliver; Caragata, Eric P.; McMeniman, Conor J.; Woolfit, Megan; Green, David C.; Williams, Craig R.; Franklin, Craig E.; O'Neill, Scott Leslie; McGraw, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1242/jeb.028951

Cited by 106 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This also concurs with observations in McMeniman and O'Neill (2010). Previous experiments demonstrated that wMelPop-CLA mosquitoes aged for several weeks suffer from a reduction in biting ability and movement (Evans et al 2009;Turley et al 2009). The reduction in hatch rate in eggs from older females may be related to the fact that older infected females are unable to acquire nourishment for egg synthesis due to lower biting ability (Turley et al 2009) or perhaps through an increased density of Wolbachia in eggs from older mothers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Although wMelPop-CLA affects the fitness of Ae. aegypti by changing factors such as activity levels and decreasing biting behavior (Evans et al 2009;Moreira et al 2009b;Turley et al 2009), it may nevertheless be able to invade populations and prevent the spread of dengue by older females ). The wMelPop-CLA infection may have other beneficial side effects, including direct suppression of dengue virus and other pathogens such as Chikungunya virus, Plasmodium, and filarial nematodes inside mosquitoes (Kambris et al 2009;Moreira et al 2009a;Bian et al 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of the “Popcorn” Wolbachia Infection in Outbred Aedes aegypti Informs Prospects for Mosquito Vector Control

et al. 2011

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Forty percent of the world's population is at risk of contracting dengue virus, which produces dengue fever with a potentially fatal hemorrhagic form. The wMelPop Wolbachia infection of Drosophila melanogaster reduces life span and interferes with viral transmission when introduced into the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue virus. Wolbachia has been proposed as an agent for preventing transmission of dengue virus. Population invasion by Wolbachia depends on levels of cytoplasmic incompatibility, fitness effects, and maternal transmission. Here we characterized these traits in an outbred genetic background of a potential target population of Ae. aegypti using two crossing schemes. Cytoplasmic incompatibility was strong in this background, and the maternal transmission rate of Wolbachia was high. The infection substantially reduced longevity of infected adult females, regardless of whether adults came from larvae cultured under high or low levels of nutrition or density. The infection reduced the viability of diapausing and nondiapausing eggs. Viability was particularly low when eggs were laid by older females and when diapausing eggs had been stored for a few weeks. The infection affected mosquito larval development time and adult body size under different larval nutrition levels and densities. The results were used to assess the potential for wMelPop-CLA to invade natural populations of Ae. aegypti and to develop recommendations for the maintenance of fitness in infected mosquitoes that need to compete against field insects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the “Popcorn” Wolbachia Infection in Outbred Aedes aegypti Informs Prospects for Mosquito Vector Control

et al. 2011

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“…19,43 Wolbachia is known to modify adult behavior, 44 and Wolbachia might also reduce larval foraging capability, but this remains to be tested. In addition, immune up-regulation 12 or increased metabolism 45 *Expected proportions are computed from the number emerging on a day and the number of infected and uninfected individuals overall (i.e., corrected for survivorship differences between strains).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval Competition Extends Developmental Time and Decreases Adult Size of wMelPop Wolbachia-Infected Aedes aegypti

Ross¹,

Endersby²,

Yeap³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The intracellular endosymbiont Wolbachia has been artificially transinfected into the dengue vector Aedes aegypti, where it is being investigated as a potential dengue biological control agent. Invasion of Wolbachia in natural populations depends upon the fitness of Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti relative to uninfected competitors. Although Wolbachia infections impose fitness costs on the adult host, effects at the immature stages are less clear, particularly in competitive situations. We look for effects of two Wolbachia infections, wMel and wMelPop, on intra-strain and interstrain larval competition in Ae. aegypti. Development of Wolbachia-infected larvae is delayed in mixed cohorts with uninfected larvae under crowded-rearing conditions. Slow developing wMelPop-infected larvae have reduced adult size compared with uninfected larvae, and larvae with the wMel infection are somewhat larger and have greater viability relative to uninfected larvae when in mixed cohorts. Implications for successful invasion by these Wolbachia infections under field conditions are considered.

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“…Whole-animal metabolic rate (MR) is a fundamental and repeatable trait to measure; it is the rate of the entirety of metabolism and is equivalent to respiration rate in heterotrophs (Berrigan and Partridge, 1997;Brown et al, 2004;Van Voorhies et al, 2004;Nespolo and Franco, 2007). Only two studies have investigated the consequences of microbial infection on the MR of the host insect (Gray and Bradley, 2006;Evans et al, 2009). Infection of the mosquito Aedes aegypti with the virulent wMelPop strain of Wolbachia had variable effects on MR over the course of infection that were not strongly correlated with activity or shortened lifespan (Evans et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and metabolic consequences of viral infection in Drosophila melanogaster

Arnold

Johnson

White

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAn extensively used model system for investigating anti-pathogen defence and innate immunity involves Drosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila melanogaster. While there has been a significant effort to understand infection consequences at molecular and genetic levels, an understanding of fundamental higher-level physiology of this system is lacking. Here, we investigate the metabolic rate, locomotory activity, dry mass and water content of adult male flies injected with DCV, measured over the 4days prior to virus-induced mortality. DCV infection resulted in multiple pathologies, notably the depression of metabolic rate beginning 2days post-infection as a response to physiological stress. Even in this depressed metabolic state, infected flies did not decrease their activity until 1day prior to mortality, which further suggests that cellular processes and synthesis are disrupted because of viral infection. Growth rate was also reduced, indicating that energy partitioning is altered as infection progresses. Microbial infection in insects typically results in an increase in excretion; however, water appeared to be retained in DCV-infected flies. We hypothesise that this is due to a fluid intake-output imbalance due to disrupted transport signalling and a reduced rate of metabolic processing. Furthermore, infected flies had a reduced rate of respiration as a consequence of metabolic depression, which minimised water loss, and the excess mass as a result of water retention is concurrent with impaired locomotory ability. These findings contribute to developing a mechanistic understanding of how pathologies accumulate and lead to mortality in infected flies.

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Increased locomotor activity and metabolism ofAedes aegyptiinfected with a life-shortening strain ofWolbachia pipientis

Cited by 106 publications

References 35 publications

Dynamics of the “Popcorn” Wolbachia Infection in Outbred Aedes aegypti Informs Prospects for Mosquito Vector Control

Dynamics of the “Popcorn” Wolbachia Infection in Outbred Aedes aegypti Informs Prospects for Mosquito Vector Control

Larval Competition Extends Developmental Time and Decreases Adult Size of wMelPop Wolbachia-Infected Aedes aegypti

Physiological and metabolic consequences of viral infection in Drosophila melanogaster

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