Increased Interleukin-17 Transcripts in PeripheralBlood Mononuclear Cells, a Link Between T-Helper 17 and Proinflammatory Responses in Bladder Cancer

Abstract

Background:Interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4+ T helper (Th17) cells thatare known by producing IL-17 have recently been defined as a unique subset of proinflammatory helper cells. IL-17 is an inflammatory cytokine with robust effect on many cells and it can play important roles in pathogenesis of diverse groups of immune-mediated diseases.Objectives:The aim of this case-control study was to determine the gene expression of IL-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in Iranian patients with bladder cancer.Patients and Methods:Blood samples were collected from 37 patients with bladder cancer and 37 healthy individuals with no history of malignancies or autoimmune disorders, based of simple sampling. The expression of IL-6, IL-17, and TGF-β were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results:The mean of IL-17 transcripts was significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer compared with healthy individuals (0.33 ± 0.06 vs. 0.42 ± 0.14, ) (P = 0.04), but their TGF-β was lower (12.53 ± 8.41 vs. 54.94 ± 17.95, ) (P = 0.04). However, the IL-6 transcripts level was similar in both groups (5.34 ± 2.40 vs. 8.07 ± 3.28, ) (P > 0.05) and there was not any significant difference between the noted cytokines expressions among patients with different stages and grades.Conclusions:As most of the cases studied in this investigation were in stages I and II, IL-17 as a prominent proinflammatory cytokine may play an important role in recruiting and infiltrating of antitumor immune responses in early stages of bladder cancer. Furthermore, it can be used as predictor for the clinical stage and prognosis of cancers such as bladder carcinoma.

ATM Mutations Benefit Bladder Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors by Acting on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment

“…Additionally, we found that cytotoxic cells, memory CD8 cells, mast cells, Th17 cells, Treg cells and other immune cell marker molecules were significantly upregulated. Baharlou R et al showed that Th17 cells might play an important roles in the antitumor immune response in early stage bladder cancer ( Baharlou et al, 2015 ). Next, we used CIBERSORT to further analyze the proportion of 22 immune cell subtypes in the ATM-MT group and found that the proportion of activated dendritic cells was significantly upregulated in the ATM-MT group.…”

Immune analysis of expression of IL-17 relative ligands and their receptors in bladder cancer: comparison with polyp and cystitis

“…Previous data have shown that macrophages secreting IL-17 family cytokines may play important roles in the pathogenesis of malignant tumors [ 14 ]. For example, it has been shown that IL-17A transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [ 15 ] and serum concentrations of IL-17A [ 16 ] were significantly higher in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in subjects with bladder cancer than those of controls. In animal experiments, it has been reported that IL-17A promoted bladder cancer growth [ 17 ], while IL-17-producing γδ T cells possibly play a key role in the Bacillus Calmette-Guéri (BCG)-induced recruitment of neutrophils to the bladder, which is essential for the antitumor activity against bladder cancer [ 18 ].…”

Genetic and molecular biology of bladder cancer among Iranian patients

“…The IL‐17 upregulation was observed in BC with early stage tumors. They concluded that the IL‐17 probably decreased TGF‐β expressions in early stage of tumor progression (Baharlou et al, 2015).…”