Increased Glucose Transport–Phosphorylation and Muscle Glycogen Synthesis after Exercise Training in Insulin-Resistant Subjects

Perseghin, Gianluca; Price, Thomas B.; Petersen, Kitt Falk; Roden, Michael; Cline, Gary W.; Gerow, Karynn; Rothman, Douglas L.; Shulman, Gerald I.

doi:10.1056/nejm199610313351804

Cited by 587 publications

(486 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The depletion of the muscle lipid and/or glycogen stores has been associated with exercise-induced increase in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity [24,[49][50][51]. Consequently, it could be speculated that exercise interventions that augment IMTG and/or glycogen use are more effective in improving insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis increases intramuscular lipid use in type 2 diabetic patients

et al. 2005

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Aims/hypothesis: In the present study, we investigated the consequences of adipose tissue lipolytic inhibition on skeletal muscle substrate use in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and methods: We studied ten type 2 diabetic patients under the following conditions:(1) at rest; (2) during 60 min of cycling exercise at 50% of maximal workload capacity and subsequent recovery. Studies were done under normal, fasting conditions (control trial: CON) and following administration of a nicotinic acid analogue (low plasma non-esterified fatty acid trial: LFA). Continuous [U-13 C]palmitate and [6,6 -2 H 2 ]glucose infusions were applied to quantify plasma NEFA and glucose oxidation rates, and to estimate intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) and glycogen use. Muscle biopsies were collected before and after exercise to determine net changes in lipid and glycogen content specific to muscle fibre type. Results: Following administration of the nicotinic acid analogue (Acipimox), the plasma NEFA rate of appearance was effectively reduced, resulting in lower NEFA concentrations in the LFA trial (p<0.001). Plasma NEFA oxidation rates were substantially reduced at rest, during exercise and subsequent recovery in the LFA trial.The lower plasma NEFA oxidation rates were compensated by an increase in IMTG and endogenous carbohydrate use (p<0.05). Plasma glucose disposal rates did not differ between trials. In accordance with the tracer data, a greater net decline in type I muscle fibre lipid content was observed following exercise in the LFA trial (p<0.05). Conclusions/interpretation: This study shows that plasma NEFA availability regulates IMTG use, and that adipose tissue lipolytic inhibition, in combination with exercise, could be an effective means of augmenting intramuscular lipid and glycogen use in type 2 diabetic patients in an overnight fasted state.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis increases intramuscular lipid use in type 2 diabetic patients

et al. 2005

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“…For instance, insulin resistance is known to improve by approximately 20% after 1 h of aerobic exercise in healthy (35,36), insulin-resistant (37) and diabetic subjects (36,38) -improvements that are equivalent in magnitude to those achieved through chronic pharmacological intervention (39,40). The augmented insulin sensitivity is apparent immediately after exercise (36) and persists for 20 h to 48 h thereafter (35,37,38). It is also well established that a single bout of aerobic exercise results in 10% to 25% reductions in triglycerides (TGs) and 7% to 15% increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (11,(41)(42)(43).…”

Section: Exercise-induced Reduction In Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is weight loss the optimal target for obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk reduction?

Ross

Janiszewski

2008

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

101

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“…Physical activity can reduce muscle insulin resistance [20,21]; however, studies have also shown that physical activity is associated with a lower intrahepatic fat content [22], and that intrahepatic fat content is associated with hepatic insulin sensitivity [23,24]. Consequently, a differential effect of physical activity on progression to diabetes in individuals with i-IFG and i-IGT could be expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential relationship between physical activity and progression to diabetes by glucose tolerance status: the Inter99 Study

Engberg

Glümer²,

Witte

et al. 2009

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of the study was to analyse how strongly commuting and leisure-time physical activity affect progression to diabetes and to study whether this relationship is different in individuals with isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG) and isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT). Methods We studied the incidence of diabetes in 4,031 individuals without diabetes at baseline who participated in the baseline and 5 year follow-up examinations of a population-based primary prevention study, the Inter99 Study. Glucose tolerance status at baseline and at followup were based on OGTTs. Commuting and leisure-time physical activity at baseline were assessed by questionnaire. We present rate ratios from Poisson regression analyses adjusted for relevant confounders. Results The progression rate to diabetes was lower among physically active individuals in the total study population and particularly among those with i-IGT. The associations were attenuated and lost statistical significance after further adjustment for BMI. We observed no impact of physical activity on the progression to diabetes in individuals with i-IFG. Conclusions/interpretation Physical activity was associated with a lower progression to diabetes in the total study population and in individuals with i-IGT, a condition primarily characterised by muscle insulin resistance. Physical activity did not predict progression to diabetes in individuals with i-IFG, a condition primarily characterised by hepatic insulin resistance. Our results suggest that there is a differential relationship between physical activity and progression to diabetes among those with i-IFG and i-IGT. Therefore, clinical trials testing the effect of physical activity on progression from i-IFG to diabetes are needed.

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Increased Glucose Transport–Phosphorylation and Muscle Glycogen Synthesis after Exercise Training in Insulin-Resistant Subjects

Abstract: Exercise increases insulin sensitivity in both normal subjects and the insulin-resistant offspring of diabetic parents because of a twofold increase in insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in muscle, due to an increase in insulin-stimulated glucose transport-phosphorylation.

Cited by 587 publications

References 27 publications

Inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis increases intramuscular lipid use in type 2 diabetic patients

Inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis increases intramuscular lipid use in type 2 diabetic patients

Is weight loss the optimal target for obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk reduction?

Differential relationship between physical activity and progression to diabetes by glucose tolerance status: the Inter99 Study

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