Differential relationship between physical activity and progression to diabetes by glucose tolerance status: the Inter99 Study

Engberg, Susanne; Glümer, Charlotte; Witte, Daniel R.; Jørgensen, Torben; Borch‐Johnsen, Knut

doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1587-1

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Furthermore, similar to the AusDiab study23 and studies in Pima Indians,24 2-h PG levels were associated with the amount of physical activity, whereas FPG levels were not. Engberg et al showed that physical activity was associated with a lower progression to diabetes in patients with isolated IGT but not in patients with isolated IFG 25. It is suggested that the effect of physical activity on 2-h PG levels is mediated through an improvement in insulin sensitivity,26 which in turn increases the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after the glucose load 14.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High cardiorespiratory fitness is more beneficial in pre-diabetic men than women

Gatterer

Ulmer

Dzien

et al. 2011

Clinics

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OBJECTIVES:To investigate gender-specific relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and factors that predict the development of diabetes and to identify the risk factors that predict fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour plasma glucose levels.INTRODUCTION:Different risk factors (e.g., low cardiorespiratory fitness) may cause elevated plasma glucose levels in men compared to women. Therefore, gender-specific analyses are needed.METHODS:Cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal power output achieved during a standard cycle ergometry test), resting blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured in 32 pre-diabetic men (mean age: 57.2±6.8 years; mean body mass index (BMI): 28.5±3.0 kg/m2) and 40 pre-diabetic women (mean age: 55.0±7.3 years, mean BMI: 30.4±5.7 kg/m2). A stepwise regression with backward variable selection was performed to construct models that predict 2-hour and fasting plasma glucose levels.RESULTS:Maximal power output was inversely related to the 2-hour plasma glucose level in the entire group (r = −0.237, p<0.05), but this relationship was significant only for males (r = −0.404, p<0.05). No significant correlation was found between female gender and cardiorespiratory fitness. Age and cardiorespiratory fitness were significant predictors of 2-hour plasma glucose levels in men. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was predictive of 2-hour plasma glucose levels in women. Triglycerides in women and BMI in men were the only predictors of fasting plasma glucose levels.CONCLUSIONS:These findings may have consequences for the development of gender-specific diabetes prevention programs. Whereas increasing cardiorespiratory fitness should be a key goal for men, improving the lipid profile seems to be more beneficial for women. However, the present results do not negate the positive effects of increasing cardiorespiratory fitness in women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High cardiorespiratory fitness is more beneficial in pre-diabetic men than women

Gatterer

Ulmer

Dzien

et al. 2011

Clinics

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“…Subjects with i-IFG are known to have marked hepatic but not peripheral insulin resistance [12], suggesting that inulin may have a specific effect on hepatic insulin sensitivity. While our study was not powered to examine the effect of the intervention between the prediabetic subtypes, and our analysis was carried out post hoc, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the specific pathophysiology between the prediabetic states may mediate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent diabetes [34,35] . Based on our intriguing finding that inulin may specifically improve fasting insulin sensitivity, we would recommend an adequately powered study using a hyperinsulinaemic clamp with deuterated glucose to examine this more closely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomised Crossover Trial: The Effect of Inulin on Glucose Homeostasis in Subtypes of Prediabetes

Guess¹,

Dornhorst²,

Oliver³

et al. 2015

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background: Fermentable carbohydrates (FCHO) have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in normoglycaemic and insulin-resistant subjects. However, there are no data on subjects with prediabetes. We aimed to investigate the effect of the FCHO inulin, on glucose homeostasis in subjects with prediabetes. Methods: In a double-blind and placebo-controlled crossover study, 40 volunteers with prediabetes were randomly allocated to take 30 g/day of inulin or cellulose for 2 weeks in a crossover trial, following a 4-week dose-escalation run-in. Fasting insulin and glucose were measured for all subjects. Fifteen of the 40 subjects also underwent a meal tolerance test to assess insulin sensitivity, free fatty acids and glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations. A subanalysis was carried out to examine any differences between the prediabetes subtypes. Results: Inulin was associated with a significant increase in _{(0-30 min)}incremental AUC (iAUC) for insulin (treatment: p < 0.04) and _{(0-60 min)}iAUC for insulin (treatment: p < 0.04) compared to control. There was a significant reduction in insulin resistance measured by the homeostatic model assessment in the isolated-impaired fasting glucose (p < 0.05) but not in the isolated-impaired glucose tolerance groups (p = 0.59). Conclusion: The FCHO, inulin, may have unique metabolic effects that are of particular benefit to people at risk of diabetes, which warrant further investigation.

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“…33,41 This study included assessment of hours of current physical activity status by a questionnaire. The questionnaire has been shown to be associated with biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease and with incident diabetes in the Inter99 Study, 42,43 but it has not been validated against objective measures of physical activity. Information about past physical activity would have been relevant, but it was not assessed in the Inter99 Study due to the expected recall and social desirability bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precursors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Associations With Physical Activity, Obesity, and Serum Lipids in the Inter99 Eye Study

Munch

Linneberg

Larsen

2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Munch IC, Linneberg A, Larsen M. Precursors of age-related macular degeneration: associations with physical activity, obesity, and serum lipids in the Inter99 Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:3932-3940. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.12-10785 PURPOSE. To investigate associations of small, hard macular drusen and larger macular drusen with obesity-related risk factors.METHODS. Cross-sectional study of 888 subjects aged 30 to 60 years characterized using anthropometric measurements and blood sample analyses. Physical activity was assessed by questionnaire. Digital grayscale fundus photographs were recorded in red-free illumination and graded for the presence of macular drusen > 63 lm in either eye and the presence of 20 or more small, hard macular drusen as a mean of both eyes.RESULTS. Macular drusen > 63 lm were associated with the level of physical activity, the ageand sex-adjusted odds ratio being 0.33 (95% confidence interval 0.13-0.82, P ¼ 0.016) for participants who were physically active more than 7 hours/week compared with participants active 0 to 2 hours/week. In women, macular drusen > 63 lm were associated with higher serum triglycerides (P ¼ 0.0005). A waist circumference in the top quartile increased the odds for drusen > 63 lm in men whereas in women, having a waist circumference in the middle quartiles reduced these odds. The presence of 20 or more small, hard macular drusen was associated with lower levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL; P ¼ 0.029) and with moderately elevated triglycerides.CONCLUSIONS. Precursors of AMD were associated with modifiable obesity-related risk factors; notably low physical activity with drusen > 63 lm; and lower serum HDL and moderately elevated serum triglycerides with 20 or more small, hard macular drusen per eye. These findings support that a physically active, heart-healthy lifestyle prevents the earliest manifestation of AMD. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00289237.) Keywords: AMD, physical activity, drusen, small hard macular drusen A MD is a multifactorial disease characterized by macular drusen and pigment abnormalites.1 Genetic predisposition explains approximately 50% of the variation in study population characteristics. 2,3 The dominant genetic factor is the complement factor H Y402H polymorphism (CFHY402H). 1 Well-documented risk factors for advanced age-related macular degeneration include age 4 and smoking. 5,6 Furthermore, lower physical activity, higher body mass index, larger waist circumference, and increasing waist-hip ratio have been identified as risk factors for AMD. [7][8][9][10][11] Early AMD is defined by the presence of macular drusen > 125 lm.4 Drusen smaller than that may be regarded as precursors of AMD. In the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, eyes with at least 1 druse ‡ 63 lm but <125 lm, or more than 15 small drusen (<63 lm) were assigned to AMD category 2, where 316 of 1063 subjects progressed to AMD categories 3 or 4 over a period of 5 years.12 Small hard drusen are very common in humans 13,14 ; and whe...

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Differential relationship between physical activity and progression to diabetes by glucose tolerance status: the Inter99 Study

Cited by 30 publications

References 48 publications

High cardiorespiratory fitness is more beneficial in pre-diabetic men than women

High cardiorespiratory fitness is more beneficial in pre-diabetic men than women

A Randomised Crossover Trial: The Effect of Inulin on Glucose Homeostasis in Subtypes of Prediabetes

Precursors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Associations With Physical Activity, Obesity, and Serum Lipids in the Inter99 Eye Study

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