Increased Genetic Diversity and Intersubtype Recombinants of HIV-1 in Blood Donors From Urban Cameroon

Machuca, Ana; Tang, Shixing; Hu, Jiexiang; Lee, Sherwin; Wood, Owen; Vockley, Christopher; Vutukuri, Suresh Gupta; Deshmukh, Ranjana; Awazi, Bih; Hewlett, Indira

doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e318053754c

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…24 The reported CRF22_01A1 recombinants include CRF22 gag /CRF02 pol /CRF02 env , 24 CRF22 gag /-/CRF11 env , CRF22 gag /-/CRF02 env , and CRF22 gag /-/A env . 18 These results suggest that CRF22_01A1 may be a new HIV-1 variant that could potentially have emerged due to a founder effect that resulted in the formation of new HIV-1 recombinant variants in Cameroon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…There was a high proportion (94%) of samples identified as HIV-1 CRFs or URFs including recombinants of CRF02_AG with subtype D, F2, or CRF11_cpx and CRF19_cpx in this population. 18 One of the viruses, 02CMLT72, was identified as a URF of CRF22 gag -A env based on the partial sequencing data of HIV-1 gag and env. To further determine the subtype of this virus, we have sequenced the whole genome and performed detailed phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data.…”

Section: Characterization Of Specimen 02cmlt72mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genetic diversity of HIV-1 is very broad in Cameroon where all group M clades and several CRFs (in particular CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG, CRF06_cpx, CRF09_cpx, CRF11_cpx, CRF13_cpx, CRF22_01A1, CRF36_cpx, and CRF37_cpx) have been identified. 7,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The cocirculation of different subtypes and CRFs results in the continuing emergence of new intersubtype recombinants. The current epidemic of HIV-1 in Cameroon is dominated by the circulating recombinant CRF02_AG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous study identified an HIV-1 virus 02CMLT72, which shared high homology with CRF22_01A1 based on partial sequence data. 18 Since then, we have obtained three near full-length sequences of CRF22_01A1 viruses, including 02CMLT72, 02CM3097MN, and 02CM1917LE, and identified one HIV-1 virus (02CM1867LE) sequence in the GenBank database. These four near full-length sequences together with the CRF22_01A1 reference strain 01CM001BBY allow us to characterize the structure of this recombinant form of HIV-1 with an improved degree of accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Genetic Characterization of a Novel CRF22_01A1 Recombinant Form of HIV Type 1 in Cameroon

Zhao

Tang

Ragupathy

et al. 2010

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Cameroon is a country in West Central Africa in which all four groups of HIV-1 (M, N, O, and P), some circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs) are prevalent. The CRF22 was initially identified through a novel URF strain, 01CM53122, and later defined from two additional sequences; however, the genomic properties of CRF22 have never been demonstrated in detail. In this study, we describe the characterization of five CRF22_01A1 strains, 02CMLT72, 01CM1867LE, 01CM001BBY, 02CM3097MN, and 02CM1917LE, identified in Cameroon without apparent epidemiological links. A typical CRF22_01A1 strain contains five fragments that can be assigned to the CRF01_AE and subsubtype A1 radiations. Forty-eight percent of the genome is classified as CRF01_AE, spanning the entire region of the gag gene, part of the pol gene, and accessory genes as well as the beginning and the end of the env gene and nef gene. Fifty-two percent of the genome is subsubtype A1 including regions mostly in the pol, vif, and env genes. The five CRF22_01A1 viruses formed a deep branch outside the groups of CRF01_AE and displayed similar mosaic structure but were moderately different from the original strain of CRF22_01A1, 01CM53122. Further analysis of the 01CM53122 genome showed that this virus represents a diverse set of mosaic genomes from CRF22_01A1, including a 446-nt segment of 01CM53122 in the env region, but unlike other CRF22 strains, clustered with CRF01_AE rather than the A1 sequence, suggesting that the 01CM53122 strain is a recombinant of CRF22_01A1 and CRF01_AE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Characterization Of Specimen 02cmlt72mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Identification and Genetic Characterization of a Novel CRF22_01A1 Recombinant Form of HIV Type 1 in Cameroon

Zhao

Tang

Ragupathy

et al. 2010

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…Genetic recombination is an evolutionary strategy for survival in a changing environment for viral variants with superior fitness at an average of 1.38 × 10 −4 recombination events/adjacent sites/generation in vivo [25]. It occurs when an individual is co-infected with at least two different HIV strains that are multiplying concurrently in the same cell [26,27]. It is caused by high selection pressure from either the natural host immune response or antiretroviral drugs [28].…”

Section: Properties Of Rt Enzyme and Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Diversity and Classification, Role in Transmission

Duri¹,

Stray‐Pedersen²,

Müller³

2013

AID

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The hallmark of HIV-1 is its extensive genetic diversity that emanates mainly from high mutations. Phylogenetically, HIV can be classified into geographically confined groups, types, subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) that are however subject to change over time. HIV genetic diversity may partially explain the observed heterogeneity in HIV prevalence and has also been reported to impact on viral transmissibility and differential rates of disease progression. The aim of this review is to present a simple overview of the principles and concepts of HIV diversity and classification. Tracking the presence of new HIV strains is not only important for surveillance purposes but is also critical in facilitating personalized targeted therapy as well as forming the basis for development of the much anticipated effective vaccines against this scourge.

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Striking lack of T cell immunodominance in both a multiclade and monoclade HIV-1 epidemic: Implications for vaccine development

Tongo¹,

Zembe²,

Ebong³

et al. 2014

Vaccine

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Increased Genetic Diversity and Intersubtype Recombinants of HIV-1 in Blood Donors From Urban Cameroon

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Identification and Genetic Characterization of a Novel CRF22_01A1 Recombinant Form of HIV Type 1 in Cameroon

Identification and Genetic Characterization of a Novel CRF22_01A1 Recombinant Form of HIV Type 1 in Cameroon

HIV Diversity and Classification, Role in Transmission

Striking lack of T cell immunodominance in both a multiclade and monoclade HIV-1 epidemic: Implications for vaccine development

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