Increased expression of dedicator-cytokinesis-10, caspase-2 and Synaptotagmin-like 2 is associated with clinical disease activity in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Background: We aim to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and its pathways associated with clinical activity of relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS).

Investigating the Role of MicroRNA and Transcription Factor Co-regulatory Networks in Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis

“…Among the other above-mentioned genes, BCL2 was reported as highly expressed in RRMS patients [ 51 ], while STAT3, MYC, JUN, NF-κB, and PTEN were identified as candidate genes for the MS susceptibility [ 52 ]. The study of Kristjansdottir et al showed that an increased amount of transcription factor SP1 binds the risk allele of the CGGGG indel polymorphism significantly associated with MS [ 53 ], whereas TCF3 was found to be implicated in the gene transcription regulation observed in the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease [ 54 ]. Therefore, although we performed a computational miRNA-based screening of target genes not necessarily associated with MS, we found that the list of the critical hubs identified in this study was significantly enriched in MS-related genes.…”

Acute responses of cytokines and adipokines to aerobic exercise in relapsing vs. remitting women with multiple sclerosis

“…The underlying pathogenesis of relapses depends on the presence of new inflammatory plaques that are caused by activation of the immune system [2,12]. It is not clear which inflammatory pathways are associated with relapses and this has a pivotal role in determining a more stimulated disease activity [2]. Several cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, INF-y, and leptin, were associated with a more active phase of the disease [12,17].…”

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss of the central nervous system (CNS) [1][2][3][4][5]. MS can be subdivided into four clinical courses: relapsingremitting (RRMS), primary progressive (PPMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), and progressive relapsing (PRMS) [6].…”

“…RRMS is characterized by relapsing phases in which new or exacerbating symptoms appear [4]. The underlying pathways that activating this relapsing phase are unclear [2,3,8]. Cytokines and their related pathways are considered to be major regulators of the immune system [9,10] which may be important in the evolution of MS lesions and disease activity [9].…”

“…Cytokines and their related pathways are considered to be major regulators of the immune system [9,10] which may be important in the evolution of MS lesions and disease activity [9]. During relapse, some important abnormalities and imbalances occur [2,3,8]; therefore, an accurate examination of the effects of environmental stressors such as acute bouts of exercise is essential.…”