Increased effectiveness of firefighting during internal fires with the use of positive pressure attack

Abstract

Internal fire carries a real threat to health and life, not only of the injured people inside but also rescuers. This is due to the impact of toxic gases, as well as the possibility of dynamic and at the same time dangerous fire phenomena. Despite the constant progress of knowledge about internal fires and the phenomena governing them, as well as the development of technologies and tactics to fighting them, it is still difficult to locate a fire. Researches carried out over the last years, aimed at improving the effectiveness and quality of firefighting activities in residential areas, have now created the most effective and safe technique known as positive pressure attack. It is based on carrying out extinguishing activities inside a fire-covered room under the cover of air generated by mechanical-positive pressure ventilation. Appropriate execution of this technique is possible only through systematic practical exercises supported by thorough theoretical knowledge in the field of fire development dynamics. Taking into account the latest achievements of specialized research centers in the world, this paper presents and characterizes the most important components of the positive pressure attack aimed at increasing the safety and effectiveness of firefighting operations.

Experimental Studies of the Impact of the Geometric Dimensions of the Outlet Opening on the Effectiveness of Positive Pressure Ventilation in a Multi-Storey Building—Flow Characteristics

“…The flow velocity values coincide with the results of Łapicz et al in 2018, who reported average flow velocities in the outlets ranging from 2 m/s to 7.6 m/s [22]. The highest flow velocity was obtained for a hole with a shape similar to that of a full bore outlet [22]. Additionally, studies by Kuti et The effect of the size of the outlet cross-section on the flow parameters-volumetric flow rate and static pressure value-is shown in Figure 4.…”

“…Analyzing the characteristics of air flow velocity in the outlet (Figures 2 and 3), it can be observed that as the size of the outlet increases, the highest flow velocity is concentrated in the lower and upper parts of the outlet. The flow velocity values coincide with the results of Łapicz et al in 2018, who reported average flow velocities in the outlets ranging from 2 m/s to 7.6 m/s [22]. The highest flow velocity was obtained for a hole with a shape similar to that of a full bore outlet [22] velocity is concentrated in the lower and upper parts of the outlet.…”

“…The flow velocity values coincide with the results of Łapicz et al in 2018, who reported average flow velocities in the outlets ranging from 2 m/s to 7.6 m/s [22]. The highest flow velocity was obtained for a hole with a shape similar to that of a full bore outlet [22] velocity is concentrated in the lower and upper parts of the outlet. The flow velocity values coincide with the results of Łapicz et al in 2018, who reported average flow velocities in the outlets ranging from 2 m/s to 7.6 m/s [22].…”

“…The highest flow velocity was obtained for a hole with a shape similar to that of a full bore outlet [22] velocity is concentrated in the lower and upper parts of the outlet. The flow velocity values coincide with the results of Łapicz et al in 2018, who reported average flow velocities in the outlets ranging from 2 m/s to 7.6 m/s [22]. The highest flow velocity was obtained for a hole with a shape similar to that of a full bore outlet [22].…”