Increased docosahexaenoic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk from mothers of small for gestational age preterm infants

Fares, Samira; Sethom, M.M.; Hammami, Mohamed; Chéour, M.; Kacem, Samia; Hadj-Taieb, Sameh; Feki, Moncef

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.003

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our results provide evidence of an association between infant size at delivery and plasma concentrations of fatty acid precursors, which represent the major circulating omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The higher levels of free fatty acids we observed among SGA cases compared to AGA controls is consistent with several previous studies [47,48], though those studies measured concentrations during postpartum periods or within different sample matrices (whole blood). However, other studies have found opposing or null associations with study designs that varied by timing (i.e., at delivery or postpartum) and matrix (e.g., erythrocytes or whole blood) of sampling [33,34,49].…”

Section: Eicosanoid Associations With Infant Size At Deliverysupporting

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal profiles of plasma eicosanoids during pregnancy and size for gestational age at delivery: A nested case-control study

et al. 2020

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Background Inflammation during pregnancy is hypothesized to influence fetal growth. Eicosanoids, an important class of lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, can act as both direct influences and biomarkers of inflammation through a variety of biological pathways. However, quantifying these distinct inflammatory pathways has proven difficult. We aimed to characterize a comprehensive panel of plasma eicosanoids longitudinally across gestation in pregnant women and to determine whether levels differed by infant size at delivery. Methods and findings Our data come from a case-control study of 90 pregnant women nested within the LIFE-CODES prospective birth cohort study conducted at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. This study included 31 women who delivered small for gestational age (SGA) babies (SGA, �10th percentile), 28 who delivered large for gestational age (LGA) babies (�90th percentile), and 31 who delivered appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies (controls, >10th to <90th percentile). All deliveries occurred between 2010 and 2017. Most participants were in their early 30s (median age: 33 years), of white (60%) or black (20%) race/ethnicity, and of normal pre-pregnancy BMI (median BMI: 23.5 kg/m 2). Women provided non-fasting plasma samples during 3 prenatal study visits (at median 11, 25, and 35 weeks gestation) and were analyzed for a panel of eicosanoids. Eicosanoids were grouped by biosynthetic pathway, defined by (1) the fatty acid precursor, including linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and (2) the enzyme group, including cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), or cytochrome P450 (CYP). Additionally, the concentrations of the 4 fatty acids (LA, AA, DHA, and EPA) were measured in maternal plasma. Analytes represent lipids from non-esterified

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Section: Eicosanoid Associations With Infant Size At Deliverysupporting

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal profiles of plasma eicosanoids during pregnancy and size for gestational age at delivery: A nested case-control study

et al. 2020

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“…18 In studies relating the intrauterine nutrition status with mothers' milk composition of preterm infants, some authors have used the 10th percentile as threshold for SGA, 14 31 while others have preferred the 5th percentile. 12 13 We have refined the diagnostic approach by increasing the sensitivity for detecting FGR through choosing either the 10th percentile for birth weight to define SGA neonates, or FGD even in AGA neonates. 18 32 Consistent with identification of FGR in AGA infants, birth weight of every infant in the group with evidence of FGD was below the 50th percentile, compared with 45% in the group with evidence of normal intrauterine growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 It is unclear whether the mothers' milk composition of preterm infants who suffered fetal growth restriction (FGR) differs from those with normal intrauterine growth. While changes in fatty acids composition were reported in mothers' milk of preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants, 11,12 there were no differences found in the energy and fat contents between mothers' milk of both groups. 13,14 In these studies, SGA was used as surrogate of FGR.…”

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confidence: 97%

Does Fetal Growth Adequacy Affect the Nutritional Composition of Mothers' Milk?: A Historical Cohort Study

et al. 2021

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Objective The study aimed to assess the association between intrauterine growth of preterm infants and energy and macronutrient contents in their mothers' milk. Study Design A historical cohort of mothers of preterm infants was assessed according to offspring's intrauterine growth. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) was defined as small-for-gestational age or appropriate for gestational age with fetal growth deceleration. During the first 4 weeks after delivery, the composition of daily pool samples of mothers' milk was measured by using a mid-infrared human milk analyzer. Explanatory models for milk energy, true protein, total carbohydrate, and fat contents were obtained by generalized additive mixed effects regression models. Results In total, 127 milk samples were analyzed from 73 mothers who delivered 92 neonates. Energy content was significantly higher in mothers with chronic hypertension (average: +6.28 kcal/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54–12.01; p = 0.034) and for extremely preterm compared with very preterm infants (average: +5.95 kcal/dL; 95% CI: 2.16–9.73; p = 0.003), and weakly associated with single pregnancies (average: +3.38 kcal/dL; 95% CI: 0.07–6.83; p = 0.057). True protein content was significantly higher in mothers with chronic hypertension (average: +0.91 g/dL; 95% CI: 0.63–1.19; p < 0.001) and with hypertension induced by pregnancy (average: +0.25 g/dL, 95% CI: 0.07–0.44; p = 0.007), and for extremely preterm compared with very and moderate preterm infants (average: +0.19; 95% CI: 0.01–0.38; p = 0.043 and +0.28 g/dL; 95% CI: 0.05–0.51; p = 0.017, respectively). Fat content was weakly and negatively associated with FGR, both in SGA infants and AGA infants with fetal growth deceleration (average: −0.44 g/dL; 95% CI: −0.92 to −0.05; p = 0.079 and average: −0.36 g/dL; 95% CI: −0.74 to −0.02; p = 0.066, respectively). Conclusion Energy and macronutrient contents in mothers' milk of preterm infants was significantly and positively associated with the degree of prematurity and hypertension. The hypothesis that the composition of milk is associated with FGR was not demonstrated. Key Points

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“…Several previous studies confirmed that the intake or circulating levels of DHA are associated with children’s health, such as metabolic [ 6 ], immune [ 7 ], and central nervous system disorders [ 8 ]. In addition, diversified preformed DHA via dietary and supplemental sources was explored to maintain optimal levels of DHA in populations of children [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic Acid as the Bidirectional Biomarker of Dietary and Metabolic Risk Patterns in Chinese Children: A Comparison with Plasma and Erythrocyte

et al. 2022

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Objective: The present study aims to measure docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in both the plasma and erythrocyte of a child population and compares them with respect to their associations with dietary and metabolic risk patterns. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and a total of 435 children ages 5–7 years old were recruited. Diet information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The physical indicators, blood pressure, and glycolipid metabolic indicators were determined. The plasma and erythrocyte DHA were analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometer. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary and metabolic risk patterns. Multivariate regression analyses were used to investigate the associations of DHA status with dietary and metabolic risk patterns. Results: A significant correlation between plasma and the erythrocyte DHA concentration was found (r = 0.232, p < 0.001). A diversified dietary pattern characterized that a high intake of diversified foods had a positive association with the plasma DHA level (β = 0.145, 95% CI: 0.045~0.244, p = 0.004). Children of obesity risk patterns with a high weight, pelvis breadth, BMI, upper arm circumference, and chest circumference had lower plasma DHA concentrations (OR = 0.873, 95% CI: 0.786~0.969, p = 0.011). Children with higher plasma and erythrocyte DHA concentrations were adhered to blood lipid risk patterns with high CHOL and LDL-C levels. The plasma DHA (OR = 1.271, 95% CI: 1.142~1.415, p < 0.001) had a stronger association with a blood lipid risk pattern than erythrocyte (OR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.002~1.086, p = 0.040). Conclusions: The diversified dietary pattern had a higher plasma DHA concentration. Lower levels of plasma DHA were positively associated with obesity in children. DHA in plasma appears to be more strongly associated with blood lipid metabolism than erythrocyte. Plasma DHA may be a more sensitive bidirectional biomarker to evaluate the recently comprehensive diet intake and metabolic risk of children.

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Increased docosahexaenoic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk from mothers of small for gestational age preterm infants

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Longitudinal profiles of plasma eicosanoids during pregnancy and size for gestational age at delivery: A nested case-control study

Longitudinal profiles of plasma eicosanoids during pregnancy and size for gestational age at delivery: A nested case-control study

Does Fetal Growth Adequacy Affect the Nutritional Composition of Mothers' Milk?: A Historical Cohort Study

Docosahexaenoic Acid as the Bidirectional Biomarker of Dietary and Metabolic Risk Patterns in Chinese Children: A Comparison with Plasma and Erythrocyte

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