Increase of retinal vessel width in ocular hypertensives with timolol therapy

Schwartz, Bernard; Takamoto, Takenori; Lavin, Philip T.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00591.x

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…In regard to timolol, however, findings are inconsistent. Although some researchers noted increases in retinal vessel diameter (125) , most studies have found that timolol treatment causes a decrease in retinal vessel diameter (vasoconstriction) (126,127) as well as a reduction in choroidal blood flow (125) that we would expect to lead to choroidal thinning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Opposing effects of atropine and timolol on the color and luminance emmetropization mechanisms in chicks

Goldberg

Rucker

2016

Vision Research

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This study analyzed the luminance and color emmetropization response in chicks treated with the nonselective parasympathetic antagonist atropine and the sympathetic β-receptor blocker timolol. Chicks were binocularly exposed (8hr/day) for four days to one of three illumination conditions: 2 Hz sinusoidal luminance flicker, 2 Hz sinusoidal blue/yellow color flicker, or steady light (mean 680 lux). Atropine experiments involved monocular daily injections of either 20 μl of atropine (18 nmol) or 20 μl of phosphate-buffered saline. Timolol experiments involved monocular daily applications of 2 drops of 0.5% timolol or 2 drops of distilled H2O. Changes in the experimental eye were compared with those in the fellow eye after correction for the effects of saline/water treatments. Atropine caused a reduction in axial length with both luminance flicker (−0.078 ± 0.021 mm) and color flicker (−0.054 ± 0.017 mm), and a reduction in vitreous chamber depth with luminance flicker (−0.095 ± 0.023 mm), evoking a hyperopic shift in refraction (3.40 ± 1.77 D). Timolol produced an increase in axial length with luminance flicker (0.045 ± 0.030 mm) and a myopic shift in refraction (−4.07 ± 0.92 D), while color flicker caused a significant decrease in axial length (−0.046 ± 0.017 mm) that was associated with choroidal thinning (−0.046 ± 0.015 mm). The opposing effects on growth and refraction seen with atropine and timolol suggest a balancing mechanism between the parasympathetic and β-receptor mediated sympathetic system through stimulation of the retina with luminance and color contrast.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Opposing effects of atropine and timolol on the color and luminance emmetropization mechanisms in chicks

Goldberg

Rucker

2016

Vision Research

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“…In contrast, arteriolar narrowing has been demonstrated in healthy eyes when topical beta‐blockers are used . Other investigators have found evidence of arteriolar dilation with beta‐blocker use in persons with POAG and ocular hypertensives . Latanoprost has not been found to effect retinal vessel diameter in normal or glaucomatous eyes, however has been found to induce arteriolar constriction in subjects with type 1 diabetes .…”

Section: Glaucomatous and Non‐glaucomatous Optic Neuropathiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Review of the association between retinal microvascular characteristics and eye disease

Newman

Andrew

Casson

2017

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Computerized retinal imaging technologies enable the static and dynamic measurement of a range of retinal microvascular parameters. Large population-based studies have reported associations between these microvascular indices and various ophthalmic diseases including diabetes, age-related macular degeneration, retinal artery embolism, retinal vein occlusion, glaucoma and non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies. Increasingly, sophisticated imaging and analysis techniques have the potential to provide relevant clinical information regarding disease risk and progression; however, further studies are required to verify associations and strengthen the predictive power of these techniques. We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding retinal microvascular characteristics and eye disease.

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Using the Arteriolar Pressure Attenuation Index to Predict Ocular Hypertension Progression to Open-angle Glaucoma

Cohen

Lee²,

Herndon³

et al. 2003

Arch Ophthalmol

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Background: Vascular phenomena are considered important to optic nerve and visual field progression in open-angle glaucoma(OAG).Arecentlydescribedformulation,thePressure Attenuation Index (PAI), links arteriolar caliber variations to pressure loss along the retinal arteriolar system. Objective: To examine whether the PAI could predict ocular hypertension (OHT) progression to OAG. Methods: The PAI was calculated for 27 eyes of 14 patients with OHT using initial and final digitized optic disc photographs taken during a follow-up interval of 5 to 18 years. Serial stereo color disc photographs and visual fields were analyzed to determine progression. Results: At baseline, the arteriolar tree of 8 subjects with OHT that progressed to OAG (n=8 eyes) demonstrated a 45.8% greater mean PAI value than that of 7 subjects who did not progress (n=7 eyes) (mean±SEM, 5.31±0.93 vs 3.64±0.34; r=0.83). Progression was independent of baseline cup-disc ratio. The PAI values of subjects with stable OHT remained stable after a median follow-up interval of 12.0 years. The PAI values of subjects with OHT that progressed demonstrated a further increase of 19.97%±11.24% during a median follow-up period of 6.0 years. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that low end-arteriolar pressure predicts the progression from OHT to OAG. The PAI provides a new, early, reproducible, and physiological method to study vascular phenomena in glaucoma.

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Increase of retinal vessel width in ocular hypertensives with timolol therapy

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Opposing effects of atropine and timolol on the color and luminance emmetropization mechanisms in chicks

Opposing effects of atropine and timolol on the color and luminance emmetropization mechanisms in chicks

Review of the association between retinal microvascular characteristics and eye disease

Using the Arteriolar Pressure Attenuation Index to Predict Ocular Hypertension Progression to Open-angle Glaucoma

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