Review of the association between retinal microvascular characteristics and eye disease

Newman, Alexander R.; Andrew, Nicholas H; Casson, Robert J.

doi:10.1111/ceo.13119

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 245 publications

(416 reference statements)

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“…In all stages of glaucoma, early through to late progression, functional and morphological changes appear in the microvasculature of both the retina and ONH, independently of IOP (Newman et al, 2018). Ocular blood flow measurements have improved over recent years but remain technically challenging.…”

Section: Vascular Dysfunction In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to blood flow, advances in fundus imaging have enabled vessel diameters close to the optic disc to be routinely performed on patients. Retinal microvascular caliber is therefore one of the most commonly reported biomarkers, with high reproducibility using semi-automated quantification methods (Li et al, 2013;Newman et al, 2018). However, there are limitations in the quantification of more specific vessel artifacts that require assessment by trained observers, such as focal arteriolar narrowing (Wong, 2004).…”

Section: Vascular Dysfunction In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Neurovascular Unit in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration

Wareham

Calkins

2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the visual system and leading cause of blindness worldwide. The disease is associated with sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP), which over a large range of magnitudes stresses retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons as they pass through the optic nerve head in forming the optic projection to the brain. Despite clinical efforts to lower IOP, which is the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, RGC degeneration and ensuing loss of vision often persist. A major contributor to failure of hypotensive regimens is the multifactorial nature of how IOP-dependent stress influences RGC physiology and structure. This stress is conveyed to the RGC axon through interactions with structural, glial, and vascular components in the nerve head and retina. These interactions promote pro-degenerative pathways involving biomechanical, metabolic, oxidative, inflammatory, immunological and vascular challenges to the microenvironment of the ganglion cell and its axon. Here, we focus on the contribution of vascular dysfunction and breakdown of neurovascular coupling in glaucoma. The vascular networks of the retina and optic nerve head have evolved complex mechanisms that help to maintain a continuous blood flow and supply of metabolites despite fluctuations in ocular perfusion pressure. In healthy tissue, autoregulation and neurovascular coupling enable blood flow to stay tightly controlled. In glaucoma patients evidence suggests these pathways are dysfunctional, thus highlighting a potential role for pathways involved in vascular dysfunction in progression and as targets for novel therapeutic intervention.

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Section: Vascular Dysfunction In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vascular Dysfunction In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurovascular Unit in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration

Wareham

Calkins

2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…e blood supply to the choroid arises from the internal carotid artery (ICA) via the ophthalmic and posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs) [2]. It is currently believed that vascular disorders are the basis of many ocular diseases, including AMD, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy [14][15][16]. Insufficient blood supply to the eye due to internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) may manifest as acute or chronic ischaemic symptoms [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Carotid Endarterectomy on Choroidal Thickness and Volume in Enhanced Depth Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

Krytkowska

Masiuk

Kawa

et al. 2020

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is considered an effective therapeutic method for improving ocular circulation. The choroid is a predominantly vascular tissue; thus, systemic and local vascular alterations may influence its morphology and function. The aim of the current study was to analyse changes in choroidal thickness and volume in patients with significant internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) before and after unilateral CEA. Methods. The 42 eyes of the 21 asymptomatic patients included in the study were divided into two groups: those ipsilateral (EIE) and those contralateral (ECE) to CEA. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). A comparative analysis of subfoveal thickness (CT) and choroidal volume (CV) measured in nine Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields at baseline, on the 2nd day after CEA, and in the 3rd month after CEA was performed. Results. In the EIE and ECE groups, no significant differences in either CT or CV values before and on the 2nd day after the CEA were observed. In the EIE group, a significant increase in CT and CV in the 3rd month after CEA compared to baseline was noted in the specific ETDRS region. Changes in CT and CV after surgery were positively correlated with the participants’ physical activity status and diastolic blood pressure and negatively correlated with the participants’ age and smoking status. Additionally, the analysis of changes in CV after CEA showed a positive correlation between the EIE and ECE groups. Conclusions. CT and CV fluctuations in the central and perifoveal areas visualized with EDI-OCT enabled the observation of the processes of tissue adaptation to variable blood flow conditions.

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“…So this test could not be performed if glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation or retinal diseases are found, as these pathologies might change vascular diameters. [25][26][27] Besides, transparency is required to perform this analysis, so cataract or corneal diseases could preclude this test. However, as two eyes are available in human being, if one of them is affected with these diseases, the other is usable to perform this test.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Retinal Artery Contraction After Phenylephrine as a Cardiovascular Risk Biomarker</p>

Casado

López-de-Eguileta

Fonseca

et al. 2020

OPTH

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Background and Aim: We investigated the in vivo changes of artery diameter (AD) and vein diameter (VD) after topical phenylephrine 2.5% instillation, and its relationship with the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Healthy control patients were included. All of the participants underwent enhanced depth imaging by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography before and 30 minutes after phenylephrine instillation, using eye-tracking and followup software. Changes in AD and VD were assessed. Results: The study included 45 eyes of 45 patients (14 males and 31 females). The mean age was 58.6 ± 15.1 years (26-88 years). Mean SCORE risk estimation value was 2.0 (0-14). No significant correlation was found between pre-phenylephrine AD or VD with age (p=0.237 and p=0.821, respectively), SCORE (p=0.545 and p=0.723, respectively). AD significant thinned after phenylephrine (p<0.001), whereas no significant changes could be depicted in VD (p=0.474). Changes in AD after phenylephrine were significantly related with SCORE risk estimation (p=0.035). Discordantly, changes in VD after phenylephrine were not significantly related with SCORE (p=0.505). Conclusion: As a significant thinning of AD occurred following phenylephrine instillation, and as the magnitude of this thinning is related with SCORE, it is useful to test the retinal artery contraction to infer the cardiovascular health status.

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Review of the association between retinal microvascular characteristics and eye disease

Cited by 20 publications

References 245 publications

The Neurovascular Unit in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration

The Neurovascular Unit in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration

Impact of Carotid Endarterectomy on Choroidal Thickness and Volume in Enhanced Depth Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

<p>Retinal Artery Contraction After Phenylephrine as a Cardiovascular Risk Biomarker</p>

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