Increase in thickness of cerebral cortex in response to environmental enrichment in brattleboro rats deficient in vasopressin

Greer, E.Rosalie; Diamond, Marian C.; Tang, Joyce

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(81)90230-2

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The plasticity mediated by environmental enrichment includes multiple morphological, physiological, neurochemical, and cognitive changes. The morphological changes include increases in the brain weight Bennett et al, 1969; Henderson, 1970), cerebral cortex thickness (Greer et al, 1981), dendritic growth and spine number (Johansson & Belichenko, 2002; Leggio et al, 2005), and synapses (Foster et al, 1996; Mora et al, 2007). The physiological changes comprise enhanced synaptic strength (Foster & Dumas, 2001) and increased excitatory glutamatergic synaptic transmission (Nichols et al, 2007).…”

Section: Prospective Strategies For Augmenting Dentate Neurogenesis Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy

2008

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SUMMARYTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), characterized by spontaneous recurrent motor seizures (SRMS), learning and memory impairments, and depression, is associated with neurodegeneration, abnormal reorganization of the circuitry, and loss of functional inhibition in the hippocampal and extrahippocampal regions. Over the last decade, abnormal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) has emerged as another hallmark of TLE. Increased DG neurogenesis and recruitment of newly born neurons into the epileptogenic hippocampal circuitry is a characteristic phenomenon occurring during the early phase after the initial precipitating injury such as status epilepticus. However, the chronic phase of the disease displays substantially declined DG neurogenesis, which is associated with SRMS, learning and memory impairments, and depression. This review focuses on DG neurogenesis in the chronic phase of TLE and first confers the extent and mechanisms of declined DG neurogenesis in chronic TLE. The available data on production, survival and neuronal fate choice decision of newly born cells, stability of hippocampal stem cell numbers, and changes in the hippocampal microenvironment in chronic TLE are considered. The next section discusses the possible contribution of declined DG neurogenesis to the pathophysiology of chronic TLE, which includes its potential effects on spontaneous recurrent seizures, cognitive dysfunction, and depression. The subsequent section considers strategies that may be useful for augmenting DG neurogenesis in chronic TLE, which encompass stem cell grafting, administration of distinct neurotrophic factors, physical exercise, exposure to enriched environment, and antidepressant therapy. The final section suggests possible ramifications of increasing the DG neurogenesis in chronic epilepsy.

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Section: Prospective Strategies For Augmenting Dentate Neurogenesis Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy

2008

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“…Environmental enrichment is known to stimulate organization or elaboration of neural structures, for example, increased brain weight, increased cortical depth, increased dendritic branching, increased acetylcholinesterase, increased RNA/DNA ratio (Bennett, Diamond, Krech, & Rosenzweig, 1964; Floeter & Greenough, 1979; Garcia-Segura, Rodriguez-Gonzalez, & Gonzalez-Ros, 1978; Greenough, 1975; Greer, Diamond, & Tang, 1981; Jones & Smith, 1980a, 1980b; Rosenzweig & Bennett, 1969). Preoperative enrichment may produce less deficit and faster recovery following brain damage because those areas left intact would have a higher level of organization at the time of damage and thus may have a greater potential to subserve the function following damage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental influences on locomotor recovery following cortical lesions in rats.

Held¹,

Gordon²,

Gentile³

1985

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Groups of rats were exposed to an enriched environment 2 hr per day for 30 days during the immediate pre- and/or postoperative period, or not at all. Animals in four of these groups sustained lesions in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex. One sham-operated control group was enriched pre- and postoperatively; a second control group was not. Animals were trained preoperatively to locomote across a narrow elevated runway. Testing on the locomotor task began 31 days after surgery and continued until preoperative performance levels were achieved. Preoperative enrichment had the most potent influence on initial deficit and recovery of locomotion. Animals that were enriched preoperatively failed to demonstrate any deficit postoperatively, and the topology of their hindlimb movement appeared to be normal. In preoperatively impoverished animals, postoperative enrichment reduced the degree of initial deficit and speeded recovery of locomotion when compared with animals not enriched at all. However, preoperatively impoverished rats demonstrated an aberrant topology of hindlimb movement even after they were "behaviorally recovered".

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“…However, converging lines of evidence suggest that environmental enrichment in rodents leads to better performance in various learning tasks (Bruel-Jungerman et al, 2005;Rampon et al, 2000), enhanced social play behaviour (Morley-Fletcher et al, 2003;Schneider et al, 2006), and lower anxiety (Gortz et al, 2008;Sztainberg et al, 2010). Improvements in behavioural performances were accompanied by changes in various neurochemical and anatomical features in rodent brains, e.g., increased dendritic spine density and branching in the cerebral cortex (Diamond et al, 1972;Greer et al, 1981), hippocampus (Bruel-Jungerman et al, 2005;Rampon et al, 2000), striatum (Turner et al, 2003), and cerebellum (Angelucci et al, 2009); reduced apoptosis (Young et al, 1999), and enhanced neurogenesis (Levi & Michaelson, 2007). Enrichment also causes a significant change in the expression of genes whose products are involved in neuronal structure, plasticity, and neurotransmission (Rampon et al, 2000).…”

Section: Beneficial Effects Of Environmental Enrichment In Vpa Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors in the Aetiology of Autism – Lessons from Animals Prenatally Exposed to Valproic Acid

Schneider¹,

Przewłocki²

2011

Autism - A Neurodevelopmental Journey From Genes to Behaviour

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Increase in thickness of cerebral cortex in response to environmental enrichment in brattleboro rats deficient in vasopressin

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Implications of decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy

Implications of decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy

Environmental influences on locomotor recovery following cortical lesions in rats.

Environmental Factors in the Aetiology of Autism – Lessons from Animals Prenatally Exposed to Valproic Acid

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