Increase in Plasma Platelet-Activating Factor Levels in Enterally Fed Preterm Infants

MacKendrick, William; Hill, Nicole; Hsueh, Wei; Caplan, Michael S.

doi:10.1159/000243976

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Formula and even human milk may stimulate this biosynthesis [8]. MacKendrick et al [17] demonstrated that plasma PAF levels increased strikingly and enteral feeding is the main factor increasing circulating PAF levels. Plasma PAF-AH activity is quite low in neonates and reaches adult activities at about 6 weeks of life [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Platelet-Activating Factor Levels in Term and Preterm Human Milk

et al. 1998

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It is well known that necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is less frequent in newborns being fed human breast milk. Since recent studies indicated that platelet-activating factor (PAF) plays an important role in pathogenesis of NEC, this study was conducted to investigate the PAF levels in human milk. Colostrum and mature human milk (samples obtained in the third week) of three groups of mothers were investigated. The first group had given birth within less than 32 weeks, the second between 33–37 weeks and the third group after 38 weeks of gestation. The PAF levels in colostrum of all three groups were similar (0.95 ± 0.57, 1.05 ± 0.52 and 1.19 ± 0.64 ng/ml, respectively). Mature human milk in groups I and II had similar PAF levels (1.16 ± 0.54 and 1.21 ± 0.60 ng/ml, respectively), however, mature human milk in group III had a significantly higher PAF concentration (2.04 ± 0.59 ng/ml) than both groups’ levels. However, this phenomenon by itself does not explain the protective effect of human milk against NEC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both human milk and formula stimulate PAF biosynthesis in intestinal epithelial cells [8,17]. However, human milk has PAF-AH activity abundantly which is lacking in cow's milk and formula [8,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet-Activating Factor Levels in Term and Preterm Human Milk

et al. 1998

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“…PAF-LL levels also increased with the severity of NEC and returned to baseline levels with recovery from the disease [17]. In a study tracking the effect of feeding on PAF levels in plasma of premature infants of less than 32 weeks' gestation, significantly more infants had detectable levels of plasma PAF at days 3 and 14 of feeding compared to prefeeding levels [10]. However, for the majority of infants, plasma PAF levels remained undetectable after enteral feedings were begun.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study designed to measure the effect of feeding on plasma PAF levels in premature infants of less than 32 weeks gestation, a significant number of neonates developed detectable plasma levels of PAF with feeding compared to prefeeding levels [10]. Yet for the majority of infants, plasma PAF levels remained undetectable, even after the provision of enteral feeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet-Activating Factor Concentration in the Stool of Human Newborns: Effects of Enteral Feeding and Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Amer¹,

Hedlund²,

Rochester³

et al. 2004

Neonatology

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Epidemiologic studies have identified enteral feedings as a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Enteral feedings provide the substrate for colonization of the newborn gut with gram-negative bacteria with endotoxin production, which may trigger the production of endogenous inflammatory mediators, including platelet-activating factor (PAF). In this prospective study, we examined the effect of enteral feeding on PAF concentration in the stool of preterm and full-term human newborns. The concentration of PAF levels in stool was measured at the following times: at passage of first meconium, within 24 h prior to the onset of feedings, at the 3rd and 14th day of feeding and at any time confirmed NEC developed. Stool samples also were analyzed for levels of acetylhydrolase, the PAF breakdown enzyme. Stool PAF concentration rose significantly following the start of enteral feedings. The mean PAF concentration for day 14 samples was significantly higher than the mean concentration of meconium samples (4.90 ± 1.03 vs. 1.81 ± 0.38 ng/g, p < 0.05) and day 0 samples (4.90 ± 1.03 vs. 1.79 ± 0.39 ng/g, p < 0.05). For the 7 patients diagnosed with definite NEC, the mean stool PAF concentration was 12.42 ± 0.77 ng/g, significantly elevated compared to the mean PAF levels in stool from healthy infants at all sampling times (p < 0.01). There was no significant change in acetylhydrolase activity at any of the sampling times. Stool PAF concentration increases with the provision of enteral feedings and rises further with the development of NEC. Since stool acetylhydrolase activity remained unchanged, we speculate the increase of PAF in stool likely represents increased PAF production at the local level following the provision of enteral feedings or the development of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

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“…Puesto que en los nacidos prete"rmino con enterocolitis necrotizante la concentraci6n de FAP en la circulacidn es mayor y la actividad de FAP-AH es menor que en los sin enterocolitis necrotizante 23 , la menor actividad plasmatica de esta ultima podrfa constituir un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo o severidad de la afeccion. Mas aun, la concentracion de FAP en la circulaci6n de los recien nacidos de pretermino aumenta discretamente despues de alimentarles 36 , lo que apoyaria la hipotesis de la participacion de la alimentaci6n enteral en el desarrollo de la enterocolitis necrotizante aumentando los niveles de FAP, entre otras cosas.…”

Section: Etiopatogeniaunclassified

Enterocolitis necrotizante neonatal: Etiopatiogenia y prevención

Moya²

1996

Rev. chil. pediatr.

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Increase in Plasma Platelet-Activating Factor Levels in Enterally Fed Preterm Infants

Cited by 44 publications

References 10 publications

Platelet-Activating Factor Levels in Term and Preterm Human Milk

Platelet-Activating Factor Levels in Term and Preterm Human Milk

Platelet-Activating Factor Concentration in the Stool of Human Newborns: Effects of Enteral Feeding and Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Enterocolitis necrotizante neonatal: Etiopatiogenia y prevención

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