Platelet-Activating Factor Levels in Term and Preterm Human Milk

Akısü, Mete; Kültürsay, Nilgün; Özkayın, Neşe; Çoker, Işıl; Hüseyinov, Afig

doi:10.1159/000014036

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Research looking at a gut-stimulation, or gut-priming protocol has demonstrated potential benefits of promoting maturation of the gut by introducing early feedings with human milk [3] . The activity of acetyl hydrolase (PAF-AH), an enzyme that degrades PAF, is lower in neonates under 3 wk of age than at any other time [145,146] . The additional presence of PAF-AH activity may also partly explain the protective effect of breast milk, as infant formulas do not contain it [8] .…”

Section: Human Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure

Schnabl

Aerde²,

Thomson³

et al. 2008

WJG

161

120

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INTRODUCTIONNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates and remains one of the most common gastrointestinal emergencies in newborn infants [1] . Onset of NEC is often within the first three months of life and neonates who are of extremely low birth weight (< 1000 g) and under 28 wk gestation are the most susceptible [2] . Full term neonates account for 10% of all NEC cases while premature infants account for 90% [3] . With an incidence rate of 1%-5% for all newborns admitted to the NICU [1] , a prevalence of 7%-14% of very low birth weight infants (VLBW, 500-1500 g) [4] and a mortality rate approaching 20%-50% [5] , NEC continues to represent a significant clinical problem. In Canada, the incidence rate is 1.8 per 100 live births with a prevalence of 7% of VLBW infants [1] . Advances in obstetric and neonatal care have improved survival rates for smaller, more immature infants, and as more VLBW preterm infants survive the neonatal period, the population at risk for NEC increases [1] .No consistent association between sex, race, and rates of NEC has been identified. However, male VLBW infants and black infants are at greater risk of death [6] . Due to inadequate treatments and no effective preventative strategy, an estimated 20%-40% of babies with NEC require surgery [1] and 10%-30% experience significant morbidity including neurodevelopmental impairment, vision and hearing impairment, failure to thrive, feeding abnormalities, diarrhea, bowel obstruction, and short bowel syndrome [1,2,7] . The case fatality rate with surgical intervention is as high as 50% [1] . NEC is also a financial burden to the health care system with yearly hospital charges reported to be as high as $6.5 million in the US [8] . Thus, NEC continues to be an important health issue for preterm neonates. DIAGNOSIS Clinical signs and symptomsThe onset of NEC can occur suddenly within a few AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature of the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events, formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear. Consequently, treatments do not target the specific underlying disease processes and are symptomatic and surgically invasive. Breast-feeding is the most effective preventative measure. Recent advances in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis have focused on bioactive nutrients and trophic factors in human milk. Development of new disease models including the aspect of prematurity that consistently predisposes neonates to the disease with multiple risk factors will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to discovery of innovative therapeutics.

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Section: Human Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure

Schnabl

Aerde²,

Thomson³

et al. 2008

WJG

161

120

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“…Factors thought to be important in the reduction of NEC in infants fed human milk include secretory immunoglobulin A, epidermal growth factor, and platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase. [5][6][7] Other benefits of human milk for the preterm infant, although not as dramatic, warrant attention. Human milk may have a significant impact on the growth of the central nervous system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pumps for Peanuts: Leveling the Field in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2000

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“…Initially, it was believed that the main function of PAF was limited to the stimulation of platelet aggregation and expansion (dilation) of blood vessels. 47 It is currently apparent that PAF, through receptors located on numerous cells of the immune system, affects the course of inflammation. It has been established that this factor can modulate the production of mediators such as prostaglandins, cytokines, and other inflammatory factors.…”

Section: Paf and Food Anaphylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It targets cells through specific receptors (PAF receptor). Initially, it was believed that the main function of PAF was limited to the stimulation of platelet aggregation and expansion (dilation) of blood vessels 47 . It is currently apparent that PAF, through receptors located on numerous cells of the immune system, affects the course of inflammation.…”

Section: Paf and Food Anaphylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet‐activating factor as an endogenous cofactor of food anaphylaxis

Pałgan,

Tretyn

2023

BioFactors

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute, life‐threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. The incidence of anaphylaxis is increasing worldwide, with medications and food contributing to most cases. Physical exercise, acute infections, drugs, alcohol, and menstruation are the external cofactors associated with more severe systemic reaction. The aim of this review is to show that platelet‐activating factor contributes to the development of severe anaphylactic reaction, and even to anaphylactic shock.

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Platelet-Activating Factor Levels in Term and Preterm Human Milk

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure

Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure

Pumps for Peanuts: Leveling the Field in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Platelet‐activating factor as an endogenous cofactor of food anaphylaxis

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