Increase in length of leg relative to trunk in Japanese children and adults from 1957 to 1977: comparison with British and with Japanese Americans

Tanner, J. M.; Hayashi, Tadashi; Preece, M A; Cameron, Noël

doi:10.1080/03014468200005951

Cited by 361 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…By the age of 15 years, the differences in leg length became non-significant and one explanation is that it is the component of stature known to be responsible for the greater part of prepubertal height increases (12,15,16) . Our observation confirms the earlier report by Tanner et al (17) that the catch-up growth during adolescence probably occurs more in leg length than trunk length.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Social class-related gradient in the association of skeletal growth with blood pressure among adolescent boys in India

Rao

Apte

2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: In view of the fact that height differences between socio-economic groups are apparent early in childhood, it is of interest to examine whether skeletal growth is reflective of the social class gradient in CVD risk. The present study examined blood pressure levels, adiposity and growth of adolescent boys from high and low social classes. Design: In a cross-sectional study, skeletal growth (height and sitting height), adiposity (weight, BMI and body fat) and blood pressure levels of the adolescents were measured. Setting: Pune, India. Subjects: Adolescent schoolboys (9-16 years) from high socio-economic (HSE; n 1146) and low socio-economic (LSE; n 932) class. Results: LSE boys were thin, short and undernourished (mean BMI: 15?5 kg/m 2 v. 19?3 kg/m 2 in HSE boys, P 5 0?00). Social gradient was revealed in differing health risks. The prevalence of high systolic blood pressure (HSBP) was high in HSE class (10?5 % v. 2?7 % in LSE class, P 5 0?00) and was associated with adiposity, while the prevalence of high diastolic blood pressure (HDBP) was high in LSE class (9?8 % v. 7?0 % in HSE class, P 5 0?00) and had only a weak association with adiposity. Despite this, lower ratio of leg length to height was associated with significantly higher respective health risks, i.e. for HDBP in LSE class (OR 5 1?99, 95 % CI 1?14, 3?47) and for HSBP in HSE class (OR 5 1?69, 95 % CI 1?02, 2?77). Conclusions: As stunting in childhood is a major problem in India and Asia, the leg length to height indicator needs to be validated in different populations to understand CVD risks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Social class-related gradient in the association of skeletal growth with blood pressure among adolescent boys in India

Rao

Apte

2009

Public Health Nutr.

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“…The study showed that the growth performance of these Indian girls conformed to the 50th percentile of the NCHS standards till the 12th year, thereafter (between 12-18 years), increments in heights of Indian girls were significantly less than those of American girls, as represented by NCHS standards. Similar phenomenon has been noted in Japan [8]. It has been postulated that calcium deficiency could underline the differences with respect to adolescent growth of Indian and American girls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Height and Weight Patterns as Indicators of Growth Among School Children in an Air Force Station : A Cross-Sectional Study

Banerjee

2001

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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A cross sectional study of school children between 6-17 years of age was carried out in an Air Force Station to determine their growth patterns as indicated by weight and height with a view to detect gender bias, if any, and compare the findings with those of affluent Indian children and National Centre for Health Statistics (NCBS), USA, standards. A total of 763 boys and 605 girls were examined. There was no gender bias in growth. Though the children compared almost favourably, with affluent Indian children, particularly in respect to stature, they were lagging far behind the NCBS standard. Goal for achieving the NCBS standards in the long run has been discussed. MJAFI 2001; 57 : 08-11

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“…Tanner et al (1982) pointed out that the Japanese secular height trend from 1957 to 1977 was driven almost entirely by an increase in leg length. Ali et al (2000) studied secular changes in Japanese leg length for birth cohorts from 1943 to 1978, showing a steep rise in leg length as a percentage of height from 1943 to 1968 but a plateau thereafter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tanner, Hayashi, Preece, and Cameron (1982) showed this to be due primarily to an increase in leg length, possibly arising from the shift from rice to a dairy‐based diet during the 1970s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty years of child height and weight in Japan and South Korea: Contrasting secular trend patterns analyzed by SITAR

Cole

Mori

2017

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives Japanese and South Koreans have traditionally been shorter than Europeans, but have recently become appreciably taller. The aim was to quantify the secular trend patterns in height and weight growth in the two countries over 50 years using the SITAR growth curve model. Methods Data on mean height and weight by sex in 1‐year age groups from 1 to 20 years were obtained by decade in South Korea (1965–2005) and Japan (1950–2010). The data were analyzed using SITAR (SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation), which estimates a mean curve and three adjustments–size, timing and intensity–reflecting how the individual surveys differ from the mean. A sensitivity analysis compared results for the Japanese data based on cohort as well as period. Results Growth patterns in the two countries changed dramatically over the study period, affecting not only height and weight but also developmental age, in that the growth period advanced in timing and shrank in duration. SITAR fitted the data well. The trends were larger in South Korea than Japan, and puberty timing in Japan stabilized by 1970. Most of the height increment seen in adults had already accrued by age 1.5 years, whereas the adult weight increment accrued throughout childhood. Conclusions The secular height trend in these countries represents increased growth in the long bones during infancy, so it can be viewed as the inverse of stunting. There are striking country differences in growth pattern, but they are not easily explained by differences in national income, diet or lifestyle.

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Increase in length of leg relative to trunk in Japanese children and adults from 1957 to 1977: comparison with British and with Japanese Americans

Cited by 361 publications

References 6 publications

Social class-related gradient in the association of skeletal growth with blood pressure among adolescent boys in India

Social class-related gradient in the association of skeletal growth with blood pressure among adolescent boys in India

Height and Weight Patterns as Indicators of Growth Among School Children in an Air Force Station : A Cross-Sectional Study

Fifty years of child height and weight in Japan and South Korea: Contrasting secular trend patterns analyzed by SITAR

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