Increase in aliphatic glucosinolates synthesis during early seedling growth and insect herbivory in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plant

Abstract

In an effort to establish a model system to examine the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates in radish tissues, changes in the glucosinolates content and associated gene expression patterns during seed germination and feeding of beet army worms (Salix exingua) to the radish leaf tissues were investigated. Radish cultivars, 'Taebaek', 'Baekja', and 'Gwandong-yeorum', were chosen to represent the genotypes of high, intermediate, and low in their glucosinolate contents, respectively. The major glucosinolates found in radish were glucoraphenin in seeds and glucoraphasatin in young seedlings. A rapid loss in glucoraphenin content was observed immediately after seed germination along with a sharp increase in glucoraphasatin content. Partial sequences of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates in radish were determined using random primers manufactured based on the sequence of Brassica rapa. The RT-PCR study revealed that the expression of CYP79F1 and CYP83A1 were maintained at a high level for 14 days after germination, followed by a significant decrease, substantiating the decrease in the amount of glucosinolates. Feeding army worm on radish seedlings has resulted in an increase of the glucoraphasatin content by 1.4 folds in all three cultivars tested. Expression of CYP79F1 and CYP83A1 in the leaves were up-regulated, substantiating the increase in glucosinolates content, as compared to the control. This result suggested that there was a positive correlation between the glucosinolates contents and the expressions of CYP79F1 and CYP83A1 genes.

Selenium Application During Radish (Raphanus sativus) Plant Development Alters Glucosinolate Metabolic Gene Expression and Results in the Production of 4-(methylseleno)but-3-enyl glucosinolate

“…In Arabidopsis, the activity of this enzyme results in both short- and long-chain aliphatic GSLs and the gene is strongly expressed in cotyledons, rosette leaves, stems, and siliques [65]. The significant decrease in CYP79F1 transcript abundance we observed during radish development (Figure 9A) was also noted by Gu et al [53] following 7 days of radish growth, to a minimum at 21 days. The apparent decrease in CYP79F1 transcript abundance on Se-fertilisation may be reflected in the significant decrease in 4MSOB3 content the Se-treated plants at 21 and 29 DAG (Figure 6B).…”

“…In 5-day-old sprouts germinated from this seed, the GSL content was the same regardless of what seed type they were grown from, or whether they were germinated in −Se or +Se water (Table 2). However, there was a shift in the relative proportions of 4MSOB3 and 4MTB3, which has previously been documented [52,53], as 4MSOB3 is chemically reduced to 4MTB3.…”

Effects of seed priming, salinity and methyl jasmonate treatment on bioactive composition of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (white and red varieties) sprouts

“…In Brassicaceae, phenolics and GLS are enhanced under biotic stress . The mechanisms involved in such a response have been related to jasmonic acid (JA) .…”

“…22 In Brassicaceae, phenolics and GLS are enhanced under biotic stress. 23,24 The mechanisms involved in such a response have been related to jasmonic acid (JA). 25 JA and its volatile methyl ester methyl jasmonate (MeJA) act through a signaling transduction pathway in plant pathogen response and phloem-feeding insect attacks.…”

Induction of Apoptosis and Cytotoxicity by Isothiocyanate Sulforaphene in Human Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells

“…Being an extremely complex disease, treating cancer has become a major challenge. There are more than 200 types of cancers, one of which is hepatocellular carcinoma, reported to be amongst the most typically diagnosed cancers [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”