Incorporation of pectin during biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus InaCC B404: Possibility for producing green food packaging

Abstract

Abstract. Agustin S, Wahyuni ET, Suparmo, Supriyadi, Cahyanto MN. 2021. Incorporation of pectin during biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus InaCC B404: Possibility for producing green food packaging. Biodiversitas 22: 2548-2553. Bacterial cellulose-pectin biocomposite is developed as a potential environmentally friendly food packaging material. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of pectin supplementation to the growth medium of Gluconacetobacter xylinus on the properties of the biocomposite produced. Pectin was added into the growth medium at different concentrations, i.e.: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% (w/v). The bacterial cellulose-pectin biocomposites produced were analyzed for structure, mechanical strength, crystallinity, morphology, color and opacity. FTIR analysis suggested that interaction between bacterial cellulose and pectin was hydrogen bonding. Generally, pectin addition decreased the crystallinity, tensile strength, tear strength and lightness of biocomposite produced. The tensile and tear strength of bacterial cellulose-pectin biocomposites were in the range of 23.05-25.72 MPa and 13.30-15.72 g/?m respectively, comparable to those conventional non-biodegradable plastics such as high-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene with opacity much lower than HDPE. These results suggesting the possibility of cellulose-pectin biocomposite as semi-translucent green food packaging.

Comparative Analysis of Bacterial Cellulose Membranes Synthesized by Chosen Komagataeibacter Strains and Their Application Potential

“…In the case of pectin-modified bacterial cellulose membranes, the peak at 3346 cm −1 , attributed to O–H stretching vibrations in polysaccharides, became much broader. This width difference can be related to the interlinkage of pectin and BNC fibers through H bonding, which is in agreement with the literature data [ 42 ]. As shown in Figure 13 , one of the most intense IR signals for BNC/CP and BNC/AP films were the carboxylate antisymmetric stretching bands (COO – ) found in the range of 1630–1600 cm −1 [ 43 ].…”

“…In general, the addition of pectin during biosynthesis, regardless of its origin, resulted in a decrease in the tensile and compressive strength of the obtained BNC-based composites. Such outcomes are consistent with those published by Augustin et al [ 42 ] and Szymańska-Chargot et al [ 61 ]. Moreover, as shown in Figure 9 , BNC/CP had a higher water retention capacity when compared to other analyzed materials.…”

“…It is known that the presence of hydrophilic substances promotes significant changes in the WRC values [ 6 , 25 ]. Citrus pectin is a complex heteropolysaccharide extracted from dried fruit peel which, due to its high hydrophilicity, is commonly used as a gelling, thickening, and stabilizing agent in the food sector [ 42 , 62 ]. Congo Red uptake experiments demonstrated that pectin-modified bacterial cellulose films exhibited statistically significant higher dye adsorption abilities than the control ones.…”

SCOBY Cellulose Modified with Apple Powder—Biomaterial with Functional Characteristics

“…Comparing the FTIR spectra before and after modification of the bacterial cellulose with apple powder, the band at the wavenumber 3340 cm −1 corresponding to O-H bond stretching was more curved, indicating changes in the intensity value. That observation is in accordance with the literature and could be related to the interlinkage of pectin and BC fibers through H bonding [ 31 ]. Concurrently, there was an intensity increase of the C-H bending bond in the range of 2990–2800 cm −1 wavenumbers showing intramolecular bonds.…”

“…As presented in Figure 4 , the introduction of apple powder into the SCOBY growing media worsened the mechanical parameters of the glycerol-modified material (mG and G_mG), and this difference was statistically significant with the exception of the Young’s modulus, which remained similar for both types of materials. This observation is consistent with the literature, presenting properties of biocomposites obtained by adding pectin and other polysaccharides to the G. xylinus media [ 32 , 33 ] that addition of pectin to the G. xylinus growth media resulted in biocomposites with lower mechanical strength than native bacterial cellulose [ 31 ]. The decreased tensile and tear strength of the BCP biocomposites was due to the increasing amorphous region in the BCP structure, as proven by the decreasing crystallinity observed under XRD analysis and FTIR spectra.…”