Incorporation of matte-slag thermochemistry into sulphide smelter discrete event simulation

Navarra, Alessandro; Valenzuela, Fernando Penco; Cruz, R Alejandro; Arrancibia, C.; Yañez, R.; Acuña, César

doi:10.1080/00084433.2017.1384210

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In a previous work, Navarra et al [18,19] incorporated thermochemical equilibria within a discrete event simulation (DES); it was suggested generally that the hybridization of time-adaptive finite differences (TAFD) and DES is a suitable paradigm for multiphase smelter reengineering projects [20]. Within copper and nickel-copper smelters, thermochemical equilibria determine the iron-speciation of smelting and converting slags, as described in the following section.…”

Section: Detailing Of Smelter Dynamics Within Discrete Event Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…which applies to both the smelting and converting furnaces for both copper and nickel-copper smelters. Indeed, the melting of the feed of Equation ( 6) results in molten matte that is a mixture of FeS and Cu 2 S; in the case of nickel-copper smelters, the matte will also contain nickel and cobalt sulfides [18], but Equation ( 7) is still correct. The incoming blast includes N 2 , as well as O 2 (see Figure 4).…”

Section: Slag Iron Speciation and Other Thermochemical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron speciation computations are simpler for smelting furnaces than for converting, since the smelting bath temperature can usually be treated as if it were at a steady state and is approximately uniform and constant. Under this simplification, α can be resolved through an application of Newton's Method [18,19]:…”

Section: Slag Iron Speciation and Other Thermochemical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time-adaptive finite differences are an important feature of our smelter DES frameworks, allowing the correct placement of threshold-crossing events within the future event list (Figure 8). In the approach of Navarra et al [18,19], the Newton iterations of Equations ( 10) and ( 11) are nested within the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method, which is a well-known time-adaptive finite difference (TAFD) scheme [34,35]. This method is a combination of finite difference schemes based on fourth and fifth-order Taylor expansions [34]; an attempted timestep is only accepted if the fourth and fifth order estimates of T and α are within an acceptable error tolerance; otherwise, a smaller timestep is attempted.…”

Section: Estimation Of Threshold Crossing Times Using Time-adaptive F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Methods to Support Data Acquisition Modernization within Copper Smelters

et al. 2020

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Sensors and process control systems are essential for process automation and optimization. Many sectors have adapted to the Industry 4.0 paradigm, but copper smelters remain hesitant to implement these technologies without appropriate justification, as many critical functions remain subject to ground operator experience. Recent experiments and industrial trials using radiometric optoelectronic data acquisition, coupled with advanced quantitative methods and expert systems, have successfully distinguished between mineral species in reactive vessels with high classification rates. These experiments demonstrate the increasing potential for the online monitoring of the state of a charge in pyrometallurgical furnaces, allowing data-driven adjustments to critical operational parameters. However, the justification to implement an innovative control system requires a quantitative framework that is conducive to multiphase engineering projects. This paper presents a unified quantitative framework for copper and nickel-copper smelters, which integrates thermochemical modeling into discrete event simulation and is, indeed, able to simulate smelters, with and without a proposed set of sensors, thus quantifying the benefit of these sensors. Sample computations are presented, which are based on the authors’ experiences in smelter reengineering projects.

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Section: Detailing Of Smelter Dynamics Within Discrete Event Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Slag Iron Speciation and Other Thermochemical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Slag Iron Speciation and Other Thermochemical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of Threshold Crossing Times Using Time-adaptive F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Methods to Support Data Acquisition Modernization within Copper Smelters

et al. 2020

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“…Complexity of the secondary raw materials and low grade of the primary resources will evidently challenge the future generations, as well as the growing global awareness of emissions to air and environment. This will be assisted by the systemic approach using advanced process and plant simulations (Tripathi et al 2011; Navarra et al 2016; Korpi et al 2019).…”

Section: Future Trends and Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling copper smelting – the flash smelting plant, process and equipment

Taskinen

Lindberg

Xia

2019

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

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The effectivity of present copper smelting technologies have their roots in industrial and laboratoryscale experience accumulated over the past decades. Since early '60s, the tools for improving the processing conditions and smelting vessel design included scale modelling and manual computing of homogeneous multicomponent equilibria. The scale models were isothermal, room temperature constructions where water or air was used as medium and dimensionless numbers ensured scale down and scale up similarities. Today, numerical modelling has opened new insight into the high temperature process modelling where chemical reactions and their heat sinks and sources can be included in the simulations. The utilisation of computational thermodynamics enables a rigorous management of the phase equilibria in industrial multi-components slag-matte-metal systems. This development will be visualised in the framework of various enabling techniques.

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Discrete Event Simulation for the Integrated Management of Mining and Metallurgical Systems

Navarra

2023

Proceedings of the 62nd Conference of Metallurgists, COM 2023

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Incorporation of matte-slag thermochemistry into sulphide smelter discrete event simulation

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Quantitative Methods to Support Data Acquisition Modernization within Copper Smelters

Quantitative Methods to Support Data Acquisition Modernization within Copper Smelters

Modelling copper smelting – the flash smelting plant, process and equipment

Discrete Event Simulation for the Integrated Management of Mining and Metallurgical Systems

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