Incorporating Phage Therapy into WPI Dip Coatings for Applications on Fresh Whole and Cut Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces

Vonasek, Erica; Choi, Angela H.; Sánchez, Juan Manuel Almonacid; Nitin, Nitin

doi:10.1111/1750-3841.14188

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…More recently, studies have reported phages encapsulation to be further applied in food products. For instance, the incorporation of phages targeting E. coli strains into matrices such as whey protein isolate (WPI) coatings/films (Huang & Nitin, 2019;Tomat et al, 2019;Vonasek, Choi, Sanchez, & Nitin, 2018) or chitosan (Amarillas et al, 2018) has proved to reduce the loss of phage activity during storage and to be a highly effective to prevent bacterial contamination of vegetable surfaces, meat, fish feed and tomatoes. A cocktail of phages targeting Salmonella has also been microencapsulated in WPI coatings and exhibited a high efficiency against Salmonella serovars, but it was less efficient when applied on fresh foods (Petsong, Benjakul, & Vongkamjan, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrapment of a phage cocktail and cinnamaldehyde on sodium alginate emulsion-based films to fight food contamination by Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis

Alves

Cerqueira

Pastrana

et al. 2020

Food Research International

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Notwithstanding the implementation of good processing practices in food companies and appropriate washing of food products by the consumer, Salmonella and Escherichia coli outbreaks continue to occur. In this study, different combinations of bacteriophages (phages) and cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) were incorporated on sodium alginate emulsion-based films to impart them with antimicrobial activity towards S. Enteritidis and E. coli. Films were prepared by casting and they were characterized in terms of CNMA and/or phages loading, thickness, moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), swelling index (SW), chemical interactions by FTIR, surface morphology by SEM and antimicrobial performance. Results showed that phages incorporation was not compromised by CNMA as evidenced by their viability inside the films. Increasing CNMA concentration yielded formulations less heterogeneous and a higher amount of CNMA loaded. Films characterization revealed that, in general, phages incorporation did not introduce significant changes on films parameters while the presence of CNMA increased the roughness, thickness and swelling ability of films. Sodium alginate films incorporated with EC4 and φ135 phages displayed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. Enteritidis, respectively, while CNMA empowered the films with activity against both species. Combination of both phages with the higher concentration of CNMA resulted in a synergic antimicrobial effect against E. coli and a facilitative effect against Salmonella. Overall, incorporation of EC4 and φ135 phages together with CNMA on alginate emulsion-based films holds great potential to be further applied in food packaging to prevent food contamination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrapment of a phage cocktail and cinnamaldehyde on sodium alginate emulsion-based films to fight food contamination by Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis

Alves

Cerqueira

Pastrana

et al. 2020

Food Research International

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“…Phage immobilisation techniques have several generalisable downstream applications in biomedicine and food production. For example, phage coating of catheters efficiently prevents Staphylococcus epidermitis biofilm formation [ 39 ] and prevents Pseudomonas aeruginosa in wound dressing [ 40 ], and phage coating of food packing materials has been applied to prevent food from spoiling [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Delivery Methods in Phage Therapy against Flavobacterium columnare Infections in Rainbow Trout

et al. 2021

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Viruses of bacteria, bacteriophages, specifically infect their bacterial hosts with minimal effects on the surrounding microbiota. They have the potential to be used in the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections, including in the field of food production. In aquaculture settings, disease-causing bacteria are often transmitted through the water body, providing several applications for phage-based targeting of pathogens, in the rearing environment, and in the fish. We tested delivery of phages by different methods (via baths, in phage-coated material, and via oral delivery in feed) to prevent and treat Flavobacterium columnare infections in rainbow trout fry using three phages (FCOV-S1, FCOV-F2, and FCL-2) and their hosts (FCO-S1, FCO-F2, and B185, respectively). Bath treatments given before bacterial infection and at the onset of the disease symptoms were the most efficient way to prevent F. columnare infections in rainbow trout, possibly due to the external nature of the disease. In a flow-through system, the presence of phage-coated plastic sheets delayed the onset of the disease. The oral administration of phages first increased disease progression, although total mortality was lower at the end of the experiment. When analysed for shelf-life, phage titers remained highest when maintained in bacterial culture media and in sterile lake water. Our results show that successful phage therapy treatment in the aquaculture setting requires optimisation of phage delivery methods in vivo.

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“…Whey protein isolate provides an excellent barrier to oxygen and light, thus reducing these oxidative stresses 65 . WPI also protects the viral head of bacteriophages from desiccation, thus slowing bacteriophages of infectivity 35,66 . Our results were also similar to those seen for bacteriophages in electrospun PVP fibers 67,68 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of biological seed coatings based on bacteriophages and polymers against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in maize seeds

Kimmelshue

Goggi

Cademartiri

2019

Sci Rep

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Biological control of bacteria with bacteriophages is a viable alternative to antibiotics. To be successful, biological control bacteriophages must be stable when exposed to the environment. Stabilization can be achieved through incorporation of bacteriophages into polymers and stabilizers that will be coated onto the seed. For this study, bacteriophages against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Cmn), the causal agent of Goss’s wilt, were incorporated into polyvinyl polymers with alcohol, ether and pyrrolidone functional groups and coated onto maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate polymers and stabilizers that can protect Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (CN8) bacteriophages against dehydration during storage. Bacteriophages stability when coated on seed depended on the glass transition temperature (Tg), functional groups of the polymer, and the presence of stabilizers such as sugars and proteins. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) provided the greatest stability for CN8 bacteriophages on seed when coatings did not contain a stabilizer. A possible reason for the greater stability of this coating is having a glass transition temperature (Tg) very close to ambient temperature. PVOH combined with whey protein isolate (WPI) maintained CN8 bacteriophage activity in storage for four months at 26 °C and seven months at 10 °C. This coating also significantly reduced bacterial loads in seedlings grown from contaminated seeds, without affecting seed germination. Bacteriophage-polymer coatings which are stable during drying and storage, and are compatible with biological systems, not only provide an alternative to traditional antibiotics in agriculture, but also provide options for food, environmental and medical applications.

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Incorporating Phage Therapy into WPI Dip Coatings for Applications on Fresh Whole and Cut Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces

Abstract: The practical application is to prevent bacterial cross contamination of fresh produce by using a combination of edible coating with bacteriophages. The results demonstrate enhanced loading and stability of phages on fresh produce when used in combination with an edible coating.

Cited by 29 publications

References 45 publications

Entrapment of a phage cocktail and cinnamaldehyde on sodium alginate emulsion-based films to fight food contamination by Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis

Entrapment of a phage cocktail and cinnamaldehyde on sodium alginate emulsion-based films to fight food contamination by Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis

Comparison of Delivery Methods in Phage Therapy against Flavobacterium columnare Infections in Rainbow Trout

The use of biological seed coatings based on bacteriophages and polymers against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in maize seeds

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