Incorporating ‘class’ into work–family arrangements: Insights from and for Three Worlds

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Insights from and for Three Worlds AbstractIn response to feminist critics, Esping-Andersen (1999) added family to the state-market nexus by examining the degree of familialism across regimes. In the absence of the state defamilializing care, however, it is difficult to predict work-family arrangements without reference to the overall level of inequality and a family's social location within it. Thus, levels of familialism interact with levels of economic inequality. I build on existing categorizations of how two-parent families combine work and care in European countries by adding an explicit consideration of how these patterns vary within countries by education. I utilize hierarchical clustering with data for 16 countries (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) from the Luxembourg Income Study and the European Social Survey. In some respects, refining country averages by education lends greater support to the tenets of Three Worlds, but also reveals a Southern European pattern distinguished by inequality in work-family arrangements more characteristic of liberal regimes. Findings also illustrate how countries that polarize between dual full-time and male breadwinner families largely polarize by education.

Social Policy Perspectives on Economic Inequality in Wealthy Countries

“…Several recent contributions highlight efforts to advance the concept, stemming from empirical evidence that challenges the original typology. For example, Cho () develops a refined typology and operationalization of the concept, while Hook () tests the combined influence of familialism and income inequality on work‐family arrangements. Hook () finds aggregate support for the model, but also identifies important class polarizations based on mother’ educational attainment, wherein the one‐and‐a‐half‐earner model of the family splits into two groups, including dual full‐time among families with high maternal educational attainment, and male sole earner model among families with low maternal educational attainment.…”

“…For example, Cho () develops a refined typology and operationalization of the concept, while Hook () tests the combined influence of familialism and income inequality on work‐family arrangements. Hook () finds aggregate support for the model, but also identifies important class polarizations based on mother’ educational attainment, wherein the one‐and‐a‐half‐earner model of the family splits into two groups, including dual full‐time among families with high maternal educational attainment, and male sole earner model among families with low maternal educational attainment. Saraceno () uses a multiple‐category typology, which distinguishes between various mechanisms by which familialism can occur, to profile OECD countries in Europe and Asia that have previously been described as simply “familialistic” using the more dichotomous approach.…”

“…In addition to these aggregate changes in redistribution, researchers describe a qualitative shift in many European countries in the 2000s and 2010s, from a traditional risk-protection approach (e.g., unemployment protections) toward a human capital development approach (e.g., job training, child-care support) (Busemeyer, de la Porte, Garritzmann, & Pavolini, 2018;Cantillon, 2011;Pintelon, Cantillon, Van den Bosch, & Whelan, 2013). These changes were accompanied by changes in family-work arrangements (e.g., Hook, 2015;Saxonberg, 2013), market-based social protection (e.g., Greve, 2018;Natali, Keune, Pavolini, & Seeleib-Kaiser, 2018), and shifts in budgetary resources (e.g., Van Vliet & Wang, 2015). During the same period, the United States decentralized selected redistributive social programs and reformed social programs with the purpose of incentivizing work participation (Bruch, Meyers, & Gornick, 2018).…”

The impact of the crisis and austerity on low educated working women: The cases of Spain and Portugal

“…Likewise, welfare policies that support female employment such as publicly funded childcare have a greater impact on enabling labour market participation of mothers with lower levels of education than of those with higher education (Korpi, Ferrarini, & Englund, ). Due to their higher earnings potential and ability to pay for market‐based childcare, the latter tend to have high rates of participation irrespective of public policy arrangements but free or low‐cost childcare are crucial for making work pay for lower educated women (Hook, ).…”

Los modelos familiares en España: reflexionando sobre la ambivalencia familiar desde una aproximación teórica

“…Así en un país como España, con una dilatada tradición de política social basada en el familismo (apoyo a las redes de solidaridad familiar), las familias se han adaptado a la necesidad económica de obtener recursos económicos, evidenciado en el crecimiento del modelo familiar de dos sustentadores, bajo la presión normativa de responder a las responsabilidades familiares desde la familia (Valiente, 2010). Estas posibles contradicciones evidenciadas en los estudios realizados (Janus, 2013a;Hook, 2015), ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de analizar las diferentes actitudes de hombres y mujeres ante la familia y el trabajo en relación con los modelos de organización familiar adoptados. Estos modelos en muchos casos son contradictorios con la base normativa que regula las actitudes y que responde a "ideales de cuidado" (Kremer, 2007); "esquemas culturales" predeterminados (Blair-Loy, 2003) o simplemente a patrones heredados de "habitus" (Bourdieu, 1989).…”