Incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis uncovered during pregnancy: A case report

Abstract

Insulin, a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells, is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels. Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis. One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus (DM) (type 1, type 2, and gestational). Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major underlying causes of metabolic disorders despite its association with several physiological conditions. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is another pathophysiological condition that is associated with IR, hypertension, and obesity. Further, several other pathophysiological disorders/diseases are associated with the insulin malfunctioning, which include polycystic ovary syndrome, neuronal disorders, and cancer. Insulinomas are an uncommon type of pancreatic β-cell-derived neuroendocrine tumor that makes up 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. Literature revealed that different biochemical events, molecular signaling pathways, microRNAs, and microbiota act as connecting links between insulin disorder and associated pathophysiology such as DM, insuloma, neurological disorder, MS, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the insulin-related disorders and the underlying mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology.

Biomarker Identification for Preterm Birth Susceptibility: Vaginal Microbiome Meta‐Analysis Using Systems Biology and Machine Learning Approaches

“…Next, we examined pathways and their abundance variations through all trimesters. The proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation pathway regulates the acid‐base balance [52], and any disruptions in this pathway can lead to renal tubular acidosis (RTA) Although rare in pregnancy, RTA is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes [53–57]. Similarly, systemic lupus erythematosus SLE is known to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including PTB since women with SLE are more likely to experience complications such as fetal loss, PTB, and hypertensive disease [58–61].…”