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The article focuses on individual income mobility among Russians in the years 2009-2017, as measured objectively and subjectively. As in previous periods of post-Soviet development, income mobility in Russia remains high. In comparison to member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), income mobility in Russia is higher, while the level of persistent well-being is lower. Subjective assessments of one's income situation are even more volatile than objective positions on an income scale, with persistent subjective wellbeing almost non-existent. Furthermore, subjective mobility does not correlate closely with its objective counterpart. Persistent well-being in terms of objective and subjective income is determined by a combination of class and non-class factors, including, above all, labor market position, dependency burden, and health status. JEL Classification: I3, Z13.
The article focuses on individual income mobility among Russians in the years 2009-2017, as measured objectively and subjectively. As in previous periods of post-Soviet development, income mobility in Russia remains high. In comparison to member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), income mobility in Russia is higher, while the level of persistent well-being is lower. Subjective assessments of one's income situation are even more volatile than objective positions on an income scale, with persistent subjective wellbeing almost non-existent. Furthermore, subjective mobility does not correlate closely with its objective counterpart. Persistent well-being in terms of objective and subjective income is determined by a combination of class and non-class factors, including, above all, labor market position, dependency burden, and health status. JEL Classification: I3, Z13.
The article presents the results of a correlation analysis of the ratio and dynamics of poverty in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The methodological foundations of the study are presented as a review of Russian and foreign studies of the ratio and reasons of poverty. We proposed the classification of the Russian constituent entities by the ratio of urbanization and conducted the two-dimensional grouping of constituent entities with an average ratio of urbanization by the ratio of poverty in 2019. The results of this study confirm the spread of poverty in rural areas and a high level of differentiation of constituent entities by poverty indicators. Multiple correlation analysis allowed us to estimated models of multiple regressions and identifies significant independent variables of the ratio and dynamics of poverty in constituent entities with an average ratio of urbanization. It is concluded that the poverty ratio is lower in those constituent entities where tourism, manufacturing, animal husbandry, individual entrepreneurship, higher education and postgraduate studies are better developed. But poverty reduction is more successful in those constituent entities where trade, transport and warehousing logistics are developing. In general, the study confirms the need to take into consideration specific regional features of the development of Russian constituent entities in the fight against poverty, the use of a targeted integrated approach in the selection of measures to reduce poverty.
The Russian Doctrine of Food Security is built within the framework of the international approach, where food security is understood not only in its specific Russian context but also as economic accessibility for “everyone” to safe and adequate nutrition (interpreted in Russia by rational norms). However, the question of how accessible adequate food is to “everyone” in Russia remains unexplored. This article applies an approach to assessing the economic access of “everyone” to food based on the ratio of food expenditures (at home, out of home, cost of natural inputs) and the cost of a rational food set in households. The calculation takes into account the age and gender composition of households, which leads to the differentiation of a unified rational food set per person in the family, as well as the economy of scale, where families with more members require less expenditure per person to provide adequate nutrition. These calculations allowed for the assessment of the population share with varying levels of food access in Russia and its regions, determining food shortage in households at a spatial level, which is valuable for discussing the organization of food aid in the Russian Federation. This approach has led to a significant reassessment of the situation regarding food security of families across the country and its regions, providing additional arguments in discussing forms of aid for low-income families.
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