Income inequality and suicide in the United States: A spatial analysis of 1684 U.S. counties using geographically weighted regression

Tran, Felix; Morrison, Christopher N.

doi:10.1016/j.sste.2020.100359

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Several other economic indicators have been proposed to explain the economic roots of increases in US suicide mortality trends from 1999 to 2018. For instance, income and wealth inequality, which have increased consistently in the United States over the last several decades (with growth in income and wealth tilting markedly to upper-income households), may be salient determinants of suicide risk ( 71 , 78 ), although the intensity of the association between inequality and suicide seems to vary over time and by region, somewhat hindering our ability to draw general conclusions ( 119 ).…”

Section: Causes Of Trends In Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

The Recent Rise of Suicide Mortality in the United States

Martínez-Alés

Jiang

Keyes

et al. 2022

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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Suicide is a major public health concern in the United States. Between 2000 and 2018, US suicide rates increased by 35%, contributing to the stagnation and subsequent decrease in US life expectancy. During 2019, suicide declined modestly, mostly owing to slight reductions in suicides among Whites. Suicide rates, however, continued to increase or remained stable among all other racial/ethnic groups, and little is known about recent suicide trends among other vulnerable groups. This article ( a) summarizes US suicide mortality trends over the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, ( b) reviews potential group-level causes of increased suicide risk among subpopulations characterized by markers of vulnerability to suicide, and ( c) advocates for combining recent advances in population-based suicide prevention with a socially conscious perspective that captures the social, economic, and political contexts in which suicide risk unfolds over the life course of vulnerable individuals. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 43 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Section: Causes Of Trends In Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

The Recent Rise of Suicide Mortality in the United States

Martínez-Alés

Jiang

Keyes

et al. 2022

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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“…𝑊𝑊 is the spatial weight, which is usually calculated by the kernel function and bandwidth such that observations closer to a given feature are more heavily weighted than distant observations (Tran & Morrison, 2020). Therefore, the choices of kernel function and bandwidth would have an impact on the accuracy of GWR.…”

Section: Geographically Weighted Regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Vitality and its Influencing Factors: Comparative Analysis Based on Taxi Trajectory Data

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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Taxis have always been an important part of the urban transportation system in metropolises since they can meet many demands and greatly improve travel efficiency. This study explores the distributions of hot spot destinations of taxi, land surface temperature data, and VIIRS nighttime light data in Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan. This study further selects point of interests (POIs) that are very close to taxi ridership patterns. This paper finally uses a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to examine the relationship between population flow by taxi and urban vitality, which is represented by land surface temperature, nighttime light data and influential POIs. The results suggest that urban structure has an impact on the distribution of drop-off points and nighttime light. The implementation of the relevant policies is revealed to have a certain influence on the alleviation of the urban thermal environment. Traffic stations and financial facilities contribute to an increase in travel, and their influences vary spatially. Similarly, the relationships between the drop-off points and LST and NTL vary spatially. This research aids in understanding population flow and urban vitality development. In addition, this study provides valuable results for policy-makers to promote urban vitality development.

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“…Suicide patterns vary according to individual characteristics, methods, causes, and geographical areas; even in a specific geographical area the pattern may be different ( 15 ). Therefore, suicide reduction planning of one country or geographical region with specific culture and socio-economic status may not be beneficial for other regions ( 16 ). In this regard, geographic information system (GIS) can be used as a suitable tool to identify critical and risk areas, and the correct public health management policies and decisions ( 17 , 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the epidemiology of suicide attempts: Risk modeling in Kermanshah—Iran

Khademi

Zangeneh

Ziapour

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundSuicide attempt is a serious global public health issue. The patterns of suicide may vary depending on the individual characteristics, methods, causes, and the geographical area-also socio-cultural context that determine it. This study identifies the spatial patterns of suicide attempts in Kermanshah province, Iran.MethodThe sample size of this cross-sectional study is 18,331 people (7234 males and 11097 females) who attempted suicide in Kermanshah province between 2006 and 2014. Data was collected from the records of patients referred to the emergency department of hospitals in Kermanshah and analyzed using tests of Mean Center, Standard Distance, and Average Nearest Neighbor.ResultsThe results of the mean center and standard distance tests show that drug overdose, poisoning with toxins and pesticides, and chemicals mostly were used in the central areas of Kermanshah province. The mean center of suicide attempts by self-immolation, hanging and firearms was in the western parts of the province, while the suicide attempts with narcotic drug were concentrated in the eastern regions of the province. Out of the 18,331 cases, 74% attempted suicide with drug overdose, 13% with toxins and pesticides, 0.59% with chemicals, 4% with fire, 1% by self-immolation, 1% by hanging, 0.16% with firearms and 0.7% with cold weapons. The spatial pattern of all suicide attempts in Kermanshah was clustered (Z-score < −2.58).ConclusionThe results of this study show that the methods of suicide attempt vary with geographical areas in the province. Therefore, it is suggested that planning tailored to the geographical location can reduce suicide attempts in Kermanshah.

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Income inequality and suicide in the United States: A spatial analysis of 1684 U.S. counties using geographically weighted regression

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

The Recent Rise of Suicide Mortality in the United States

The Recent Rise of Suicide Mortality in the United States

Urban Vitality and its Influencing Factors: Comparative Analysis Based on Taxi Trajectory Data

Exploring the epidemiology of suicide attempts: Risk modeling in Kermanshah—Iran

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