The Recent Rise of Suicide Mortality in the United States

Martínez-Alés, Gonzalo; Jiang, Tammy; Keyes, Katherine M.; Gradus, Jaimie L.

doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-051920-123206

Cited by 57 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“… 8 – 10 Yet, the number of completed suicides has been rising for most of the last two decades. 1 Population data suggest that increased access to firearms and lethal means, worsening structural marginalization, 11 and the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated the risk for suicide. 12 , 13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal Ideation Disparities Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Compared to Cisgender Community Health Patients

et al. 2023

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Background Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals experience more severe psychological distress and may be at higher risk for suicide compared to cisgender individuals. The existing literature largely consists of small-sample studies that do not assess subgroup differences. Objective To examine rates of self-reported suicidal ideation among four TGD groups compared to cisgender individuals. Design Data were extracted from the electronic health records of patients receiving primary care at a community health center specializing in sexual and gender minority health. A logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between sociodemographic variables and the presence of current suicidal ideation. Participants 29,988 patients receiving care at a community health center in Northeastern US between 2015 and 2018. Main Measures Demographic questionnaire, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire Key Results Younger age, sexual and gender minority identity, and public/grants-based insurance were associated with significantly higher odds of suicidal ideation. Relative to cisgender men, transgender men (OR=2.08; 95% CI=1.29–3.36; p =.003), transgender women (OR=3.08; 95% CI=2.05–4.63; p <.001), nonbinary (NB) individuals assigned male at birth (AMAB; OR=3.55; 95% CI=1.86–6.77; p <001), and NB individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB; OR=2.49; 95% CI=1.52–4.07; p <001) all endorsed significantly higher odds of current suicidal ideation, controlling for age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and insurance status. Larger proportions of transgender women (23.6%) and NB AMAB individuals (26.7%) reported suicidal ideation not only compared to cisgender men (6.1%) and women (6.6%), but also compared to transgender men (17.4%; χ 2 [5, n =25,959]=906.454, p <0.001). Conclusions TGD patients were at significantly increased risk of suicidal ideation, even after accounting for age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and insurance status. Findings suggest distinct risk profiles by assigned sex at birth. Consistent assessment of and intervention for suicidal ideation should be prioritized in settings that serve TGD patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal Ideation Disparities Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Compared to Cisgender Community Health Patients

et al. 2023

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“…25 Nevertheless, research suggests that there are multiple reasons for the choice of method, especially accessibility, familiarity, and social acceptability, and choice of method is often influenced by cultural, religious, and social factors. 13,26,27 Future research might be warranted to understand the changes in mechanisms over time, including changes in access.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study adds to the existing literature by identifying health disparities related to the intesection of multiple social and demographic factors. It is well documented that suicide rates differ by race/ethnicity 13,14 and age group, 4 illustrating the important roles these factors play in risk and protection for suicide. Health disparities are differences in health status between people related to social or demographic factors such as race/ethnicity, sex or geographic region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Female Suicide From a Health Equity Viewpoint, U.S. 2004–2018

Wulz¹,

Miller²,

Kegler³

et al. 2022

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…In the US, stress-induced conditions like major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder were significant contributors to the increase in mental illness before the pandemic, and a recent review suggested that the point-prevalence of these disorders increased by 30% to 50% during the pandemic [ 6 ]. This is of significant concern since suicide rates in the US have already increased by 35% from 2000 to 2018 [ 7 ]. The wide overlap in symptoms between various disorders like major depression, bipolar I and II disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder are implicitly confounding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Mysteries of Mental Illness With Psilocybin

Sotille¹,

Singh²,

Weisman³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Current medications have not been effective in reducing the prevalence of mental illness worldwide. The prevalence of illnesses such as treatment-resistant depression has increased despite the widespread use of a broad set of psychopharmaceuticals. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and ketamine therapy are making great strides in improving treatment-resistant depression outcomes but they have limitations. New psychotherapeutics are required that specifically target the underlying cellular pathologies leading to neuronal atrophy. This neuronal atrophy model is supplanting the long-held neurotransmitter deficit hypothesis to explain mental illness. Interest in psychedelics as therapeutic molecules to treat mental illness is experiencing a 21st-century reawakening that is on the cusp of a transformation. Psilocybin is a pro-drug, found in various naturally occurring mushrooms, that is dephosphorylated to produce psilocin, a classic tryptamine psychedelic functional as a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist. We have focused this review to include studies in the last two years that suggest psilocybin promotes neuronal plasticity, which may lead to changes in brain network connectivity. Recent advancements in clinical trials using pure psilocybin in therapy suggest that it may effectively relieve the symptoms of depression in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Sophisticated cellular and molecular experiments at the systems level have produced evidence that demonstrates psilocybin promotes neuritogenesis in the mouse brain - a mechanism that may address the root cause of depression at the cellular level. Finally, studies with psilocybin therapy for major depressive disorder suggest that this ancient molecule can promote functionally connected intrinsic networks in the human brain, resulting in durable improvements in the severity of depressive symptoms. Although further research is necessary, the prospect of using psilocybin for the treatment of mental illness is an enticing possibility.

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The Recent Rise of Suicide Mortality in the United States

Cited by 57 publications

References 115 publications

Suicidal Ideation Disparities Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Compared to Cisgender Community Health Patients

Suicidal Ideation Disparities Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Compared to Cisgender Community Health Patients

Assessing Female Suicide From a Health Equity Viewpoint, U.S. 2004–2018

Unraveling the Mysteries of Mental Illness With Psilocybin

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