Inclusive governance: New concept of water supply and sanitation services in social vulnerability areas

Public water supply and sanitation policies and inclusive development of the urban poor in Brazil

“…They must contain specific incentives for inclusion of the (urban) poor in WSS (Berg & Mugisha, 2010;Guimarães et al, 2014;Nyarko et al, 2016), while accommodating the different interests of actorsfrom WSS providers to potential users (Bisung et al, 2016). Moreover, successful WatSan public policies depend on the governance tools in place to facilitate the inclusion of disadvantaged people (Guimarães et al, 2016;Marques et al, 2016). Since the inception of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade in the 1980s, WatSan has aimed at universal access (WHO, 1992), but universalisation remains restricted to certain groups and locations (Castro, 2009;UN, 2015).…”

“…The indicators selected potentially address exclusion, reflecting key issues of concern to the urban poor (Obrist et al, 2006;Oteng-Ababio, 2014;Chimankar, 2016;Murungi & Blokland, 2016b). Some of these indicators are used to assess WSS performance (Cross & Morel, 2005;Murungi & Blokland, 2016a) and, particularly the social and relational WatSan inclusive indicators, are in line with the 'inclusive governance' concept and indicators proposed in Guimarães et al (2016).…”

“…A bottleneck in reaching universal access is the limited mandate of WSS providers, often forbidden by the government to deliver services in informal settlements (Obrist et al, 2006;Guimarães et al, 2014Guimarães et al, , 2016 as this might inadvertently 'legalise' these settlements. Hence, the (A.2) access to WSS even if the poor do not have formal housing indicator is relevant as a precondition to access WSS.…”

“…People's empowerment through access to basic services and opportunities increases their capability to make and materialise their own choices (Narayan-Parker, 2002;Shah et al, 2015). The use of governance for ID tools empowers the poor and boosts transparency (Guimarães et al, 2016). An RI approach in WatSan is about empowering urban poor inhabitants through access to WSS and simultaneously, these empowered people will be more capable to participate and safeguard their rights to voice their needs and priorities regarding WSS.…”

Strengthening the Human Right to Sanitation as an Instrument for Inclusive Development

“…Although there was also a decade dedicated to improving access to better water and sanitation services (from 1981 to 1990), the global sanitation target was first introduced into the , improved sanitation (Munamati, Nhapi & Misi, 2016;van Minh & Nguyen-Viet, 2011), adequate basic sanitation (Giné-Garriga, Flores-Baquero, Jiménez-Fdez de Palencia & Pérez-Foguet, 2017), environmental sanitation (Arimah, 1996), or simply ‗sanitation' (Guimarães, Malheiros & Marques, 2016).…”