Inclusion of parabens in β-cyclodextrin: A solution NMR and X-ray structural investigation

Thermodynamic investigation of the interaction between cyclodextrins and preservatives — Application and verification in a mathematical model to determine the needed preservative surplus in aqueous cyclodextrin formulations

“…This confirms that the inclusion complexes were formed with the benzene ring from the preservative included in the cavity and the side chain pointing away from the larger rim of the CD cavity. These findings were in accordance with reports from the literature, where both βCD and HPβCD have been confirmed to form complexes with benzoic acid (Salvatierra et al, 1996;Terekhova et al, 2011), methyl-and propylparaben (Chan et al, 2000;de Vries et al, 2009;Jenita et al, 2014). Fig.…”

“…The smaller variations observed in some of the stoichiometries might be caused by errors associated with the uncertainty in concentrations and active cell volume. Overall the results suggest that the inclusion complexes have a 1:1 stoichiometry, which is in agreement with the stoichiometries reported in the literature for the three relevant preservatives to various βCDs (Zughul and Badwan, 1998;Terekhova et al, 2011;Salvatierra et al, 1996;Chan et al, 2000;de Vries et al, 2009;Jenita et al, 2014).…”

Review on Life Cycle of Parabens: Synthesis, Degradation, Characterization and Safety Analysis

“…The middle layer was porous (not transparent), with the pore size ranging from several μms to dozens of nm, and with thickness >50% the whole crystals. The IR and confocal Raman spectroscopic studies indicated that the 'polymorphs' from three layers of the sandwich crystal are actually the same [77], which was in a good agreement with data obtained from X-ray Powder Diffraction analysis (XRPD) [73,86], Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and hot stage microscope. The methods to identify crystal structure or polymorph were not limited to the above examples.…”

“…The methods to identify crystal structure or polymorph were not limited to the above examples. Other reported technologies includes thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) [87], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [86], ultraviolet Spectrophotometer (US) [88], and Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) [89][90][91][92][93][94][95], together with other technologies listed in Table 2. Figure 11 Microscope and SEM images of BP sandwich crystals and the pores inside crystals [56,77]…”

Removal of Parabens from Aqueous Solution Using β-Cyclodextrin Cross-Linked Polymer

“…In view of the fact that parabens are able to form inclusion complex with β-CD [42–44], we are investigating the efficiency of β-CD polymer as an adsorbent for the removal of parabens from various matrices. To the best of our knowledge, studies on the removal of parabens from aqueous solution using β-CD polymer as an adsorbent have yet to be reported.…”