Review on Life Cycle of Parabens: Synthesis, Degradation, Characterization and Safety Analysis

Yang, Huaiyu; Zhang, Fan; Wu, Han

doi:10.2174/1385272822666180123150323

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…As an alternative to burning the lignin waste stream, current efforts are therefore focused on “lignin-first” bio-refining principles, in which lignin is used for the production of high-value chemicals ( Schutyser et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2019 ; de Vries et al, 2021 ). An example of such a product is p HBA, which can be esterified with various alcohols to form parabens that are widely used as preservatives in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries ( Yang et al, 2018 ). In addition, carboxylation of p HBA can be used to make terephthalate, the key precursor in PET plastics ( Bai et al, 2016 ), which is currently produced from the petrochemical p -xylene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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pHBMT1, a BAHD-family monolignol acyltransferase, mediates lignin acylation in poplar

et al. 2021

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Poplar (Populus) lignin is naturally acylated with p-hydroxybenzoate ester moieties. However, the enzyme(s) involved in the biosynthesis of the monolignol–p-hydroxybenzoates have remained largely unknown. Here, we performed an in vitro screen of the Populus trichocarpa BAHD acyltransferase superfamily (116 genes) using a wheatgerm cell-free translation system and found five enzymes capable of producing monolignol–p-hydroxybenzoates. We then compared the transcript abundance of the five corresponding genes with p-hydroxybenzoate concentrations using naturally occurring unrelated genotypes of P. trichocarpa and revealed a positive correlation between the expression of p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA monolig-nol transferase (pHBMT1, Potri.001G448000) and p-hydroxybenzoate levels. To test whether pHBMT1 is responsible for the biosynthesis of monolignol–p-hydroxybenzoates, we overexpressed pHBMT1 in hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. grandidentata) (35S::pHBMT1 and C4H::pHBMT1). Using three complementary analytical methods, we showed that there was an increase in soluble monolignol–p-hydroxybenzoates and cell-wall-bound monolignol–p-hydroxybenzoates in the poplar transgenics. As these pendent groups are ester-linked, saponification releases p-hydroxybenzoate, a precursor to parabens that are used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. This identified gene could therefore be used to engineer lignocellulosic biomass with increased value for emerging biorefinery strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These groups could theoretically be separated and used as high-value phenolic chemicals. For example, p -hydroxybenzoic acid ( p HBA, indicating the “free” form) can be esterified with various alcohols to produce parabens that are commonly used as preservatives in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries ( Yang et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pHBMT1, a BAHD-family monolignol acyltransferase, mediates lignin acylation in poplar

et al. 2021

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“…Tanaka et al found that oiling-out changed the composition of the mother phase that inhibited the incorporation of impurity into the crystal . In this work, propyl paraben, widely used as a preservative, was used with a solvent model system of water and ethanol for oiling-out/liquid–liquid phase separation crystallization. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…8 In this work, propyl paraben, widely used as a preservative, was used with a solvent model system of water and ethanol for oiling-out/liquid−liquid phase separation crystallization. 9,10 Particle agglomeration is common in oiling-out crystallization due to the bridging effect of oil droplets that agglomerated the particles. 11,12 The heavy agglomeration usually leads to large particle size and broad distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Milling, Seeding, and Ultrasound in the Optimization of the Oiling-Out Crystallization Process

Wang

Yang

Sun

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Complicated solution environments in oiling-out crystallization can lead to particle agglomeration with wide size distribution and low purity of the products, due to complex interactions among two liquid phases and one solid phase during the oiling-out crystallization. This research mainly focuses on the optimization of size distribution by controlling particle agglomeration during the oiling-out crystallization process in a model system of propyl paraben–ethanol–water. Nucleation control technologies, wet milling, seeding, and ultrasound were used to limit the agglomeration. Further investigations of wet milling were performed before the nucleation or in the crystal growth stages with different geometries, such as coarse, medium, and fine rotor–stator tooth pairs. An integrated process analytical technology tools (PAT) array, including focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM), particle visual monitoring (PVM), and attenuated total reflectance ultraviolet/visible (ATR-UV/vis), was used to observe the droplet formation of the dispersed phase, size distributions, and particle shapes during the nucleation and crystal growth. The results demonstrate that wet milling, seeding, and ultrasound technologies can help to optimize the particle size distribution in complex solution environments with different levels of efficiencies.

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“…Parabens are resistant to biological degradation. Therefore, they have been quantified in a large number of water bodies like rivers and lakes and effluents from wastewater treatment plants worldwide [5][6][7]. In a recent work published by Honda et al [8] that was performed in 8 different countries, including Asian countries as well as Greece and the USA, the researchers detected propyl paraben (PP) in 80.3% of the urinary samples, with an average concentration of 1.21 µg/L.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonoelectrochemical Degradation of Propyl Paraben: An Examination of the Synergy in Different Water Matrices

Frontistis

2020

IJERPH

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The synergistic action of anodic oxidation using boron-doped diamond and low-frequency ultrasound in different water matrices and operating conditions for the decomposition of the emerging contaminant propyl paraben was investigated. The degree of synergy was found to decrease with an increase in current in the range 1.25–6.25 mA/cm2 or the ultrasound power until 36 W/L, where a further decrease was observed. Despite the fact that the increased propyl paraben concentration decreased the observed kinetic constant for both the separated and the hybrid process, the degree of synergy was increased from 37.3 to 43.4% for 0.5 and 2 mg/L propyl paraben, respectively. Bicarbonates (100–250 mg/L) or humic acid (10–20 mg/L) enhanced the synergy significantly by up to 55.8%, due to the higher demand for reactive oxygen species. The presence of chloride ions decreased the observed synergistic action in comparison with ultrapure water, possibly due to the electro-generation of active chlorine that diffuses to the bulk solution. The same behavior was observed with the secondary effluent that contained almost 68 mg/L of chlorides. The efficiency was favored in a neutral medium, while the hybrid process was delayed in alkaline conditions.

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Review on Life Cycle of Parabens: Synthesis, Degradation, Characterization and Safety Analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 134 publications

pHBMT1, a BAHD-family monolignol acyltransferase, mediates lignin acylation in poplar

pHBMT1, a BAHD-family monolignol acyltransferase, mediates lignin acylation in poplar

Wet Milling, Seeding, and Ultrasound in the Optimization of the Oiling-Out Crystallization Process

Sonoelectrochemical Degradation of Propyl Paraben: An Examination of the Synergy in Different Water Matrices

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