Inclusion of Different Level Leucaena in Dairy Ration to Balance Rumen Degradable and Undegradable Protein Ratio

Abstract

Sustainability use of expensive protein source in a dairy ration requires ration formulation based on rumen degradable and undegradable protein ratio (RDUP). It improves the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and less feed residue to the environment. Providing less expensive green protein sources such as leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) is also an alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dairy ration based on RDUP with leucaena addition on in vitro fermentability and digestibility. This study was conducted in a 4 x 3 factorial randomized block design. Factor 1 was RDUP levels (R1= 60:40; R2= 55:45; R3= 50:50; R4= 45:55) and factor 2 was Leucaena addition (L1= 10%; L2= 20%; L3= 30%). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by the Duncan test. The result showed that increasing RDUP levels increased NH3 concentration and dry matter digestibility. Treatment L2 resulted in a high NH3 concentration compared to other L treatments. The combination of R1 with L2 and L3 resulted in the highest total VFA concentration than other treatments. Protozoa population increased with increasing leucaena in the ration. It is concluded that dairy ration with 60:40 rumen degradable protein to undegradable protein ratio and 20% leucaena can improve ruminal fermentation and digestibility.

Comparation of moist heating and formaldehyde protein protection methods and their impact on dairy ration fermentability and digestibility

“…Although the condition in the rumen is still stable for the growth and activity of protozoa thus, its population did not decrease. The number of protozoa in this study ranged from 6.35-6.43 log cell ml -1 , similar to Permana et al [14] with the same RDP ratio in the diet. The treatment diets were not significantly different in total rumen bacteria.…”

“…The NH3 and total VFA were measured according to the Conway-micro diffusion and the steam distillation method, respectively [13]. Protozoa and total bacteria were counted according to Ogimoto and Imai method, similar to Permana et al [14].…”

Evaluation of nutritive values of various non-conventional protein sources as potential feed ingredients for ruminants

“…The high value of NH3 in SBM is caused by the faster degradation of protein, causing NH3 production to increase. The high or low digestibility of protein can increase the degradability and fermentability of feed ingredients in the rumen so that the resulting NH3 levels are high (Permana et al 2022). Hackmann and Firkins (2015) explained that the factors influencing the increase in NH3 production were protein sources in rations that were easily degraded by rumen microbes and high feed energy and high growth of rumen microbes.…”

Comparison of Nutritive Value and RDP-RUP contents of Tropical Legumes from Two Different Areas with In-Vitro Methods

“…Tropical legumes contain higher CP compared to grasses (Kumar et al 2015). Legumes are suitable for used as ruminant animal feed because they contain high CP and CF (Permana et al 2022). Feed protein in ruminants must be able to meet the needs of rumen microbial synthesis and be able to be digested post-rumen for the needs of the host (Savari et al 2018;Zain et al 2020).…”