Inclusion of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in Pigs' Diets Affects the Intestinal Microenvironment and the Gut Microbiota

Liu, Haoyu; Ivarsson, Emma; Dicksved, Johan; Lundh, Torbjörn; Lindberg, Jan Erik

doi:10.1128/aem.07702-11

Cited by 93 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Moreover, positive correlations were observed between the intake of dietary fiber, NSP, and cellulose and the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, whereas the same fiber fractions decreased the concentration of acetic and propionic acid. Liu et al (2012) found a positive correlation between butyrate-producing bacteria and acetic acid in colon. It is well known that metabolic cross-feeding commonly occurs within the gut, and that butyrate-producing bacteria are able to utilize acetate (Barcenilla et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, it is clear that the small intestine in pigs harbors a significant microbial population (Leser et al, 2002). It has also been shown that the microbial community composition cluster in accordance with gut segment, with higher diversity in colon and fecal samples compared with ileal digesta samples Liu et al, 2012). Indeed, the fermentation of NSP is suggested to be a result of a combined action of several bacteria (Van Laere et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacterial groups were selected based on results from previous studies showing that they are dominating groups in the GIT of the pig, and also are responsive to dietary changes (Leser et al, 2002;Bikker et al, 2006;Metzler-Zebeli et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2012). For all assays each reaction contained 10 µl IQ SYBR Green Supermix (BioRad, Solna, Sweden), 0.5 µm of each primer and 2 µl of a template DNA, to a final volume of 20 µl.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TRF profile for each pig was based on two T-RFLP profiles; only peaks that occurred in both replicates were used for analysis. Subsequently, TRFs of interests were identified using sequence data of corresponding TRFs obtained from previous studies (Ivarsson et al, 2012a;Liu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Experimental Design and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fermentable non-starch polysaccharides increases the abundance of Bacteroides–Prevotella–Porphyromonas in ileal microbial community of growing pigs

Ivarsson

Roos

Liu

et al. 2014

Animal

127

103

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Most plant-origin fiber sources used in pig production contains a mixture of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). The knowledge about effects of these sources of NSP on the gut microbiota and its fermentation products is still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of feeding diets with native sources of NSP on the ileal and fecal microbial composition and the dietary impact on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactic acid. The experiment comprised four diets and four periods in a change-over design with seven post valve t-cecum cannulated growing pigs. The four diets were balanced to be similar in NSP content and included one of four fiber sources, two diets were rich in pectins, through inclusion of chicory forage (CFO) and sugar beet pulp, and two were rich in arabinoxylan, through inclusion of wheat bran (WB) and grass meal. The gut microbial composition was assessed with terminal restriction fragment (TRF) length polymorphism and the abundance of Lactobacillus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas and the β-xylosidase gene, xynB, were assessed with quantitative PCR. The gut microbiota did not cluster based on NSP structure (arabinoxylan or pectin) rather, the effect was to a high degree ingredient specific. In pigs fed diet CFO, three TRFs related to Prevotellaceae together consisted of more than 25% of the fecal microbiota, which is about 3 to 23 times higher ( P < 0.05) than in pigs fed the other diets. Whereas pigs fed diet WB had about 2 to 22 times higher abundance ( P < 0.05) of Megasphaera elsdenii in feces and about six times higher abundance ( P < 0.05) of Lactobacillus reuteri in ileal digesta than pigs fed the other diets. The total amount of digested NSP ( r = 0.57; P = 0.002), xylose ( r = 0.53; P = 0.004) and dietary fiber ( r = 0.60; P = 0.001) in ileal digesta were positively correlated with an increased abundance of Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas. The effect on SCFA was correlated to specific neutral sugars where xylose increased the ileal butyric acid proportion, whereas arabinose increased the fecal butyric acid proportion. Moreover, chicory pectin increased the acetic acid proportion in both ileal digesta and feces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Design and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Design and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fermentable non-starch polysaccharides increases the abundance of Bacteroides–Prevotella–Porphyromonas in ileal microbial community of growing pigs

Ivarsson

Roos

Liu

et al. 2014

Animal

127

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Research by some authors (18,24,28) indicates that adding fructans to feed mixtures for pigs increases production of short-chain organic acids in the digestive tract. In the present study, the highest total content of selected SCFAs in the cecum was noted in groups IV (82.4 µM/g) and III (79.8 µM/g), which received inulin in their feed (group III) or inulin with a probiotic (group IV), with the highest concentrations noted for propionic and butyric acid, and the lowest for isobutyric acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of inulin and a probiotic supplement in the diet of pigs on selected traits of the gastrointestinal microbiome

Grela¹,

Kowalczyk-Pecka²,

Hańczakowska³

et al. 2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryThe addition of inulin and/or a probiotic to feed mixtures for pigs can lead to changes in microflora composition and production of short-chain organic acids (SCFA) in the final segment of the digestive tract. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of an inulin and/or a probiotic supplement on Enterobacteriaceae taxa, the susceptibility of the bacteria to six antibiotics, and SCFA content in the cecum and colon, as well as changes in the histological structure of the intestines. The experiment was conducted on 80 fattening pigs with an initial body weight of 30.0 ± 0.5 kg, divided into 4 groups: control (I-C) and three experimental ones, fed the diets either with a probiotic (group II-P), inulin (III-I) or a both additives (group IV-PI). The animals were given ad libitum access to grower (30-70 kg) and finisher (71-115 kg) feed mixtures. During slaughter, from 8 pigs of each group, samples of contents and tissue from the cecum and colon were collected for laboratory analysis. The results of the study indicate differences in the expression of antibiotic resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae isolates depending on the type of dietary supplement. The inulin supplement caused changes in SCFA concentration, mainly an increase in the concentration of propionic and butyric acid, and also increased the thickness of the muscular layer.The synbiotic (mixture of prebiotics and probiotics) was confirmed to have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal microbiome, which may be of significance in preventing the spread of Enterobacteriaceae infections in pigs.

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Fermentation capacities of fructan‐ and pectin‐rich by‐products and purified fractions via an in vitro piglet faecal model

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND Dietary strategies such as the inclusion of prebiotics have been suggested for modulating intestinal microbiota. In piglets, this strategy could result in a reduction of post‐weaning‐associated disorders and the use of antibiotics. To date, mainly purified fractions have been tested for their prebiotic effects at weaning while trials of potential health‐promoting effects of products and corresponding by‐products remain rare. In this study, fructan‐ and pectin‐based ingredients have been tested in a two‐step in vitro model for their fermentation kinetics as well as for their short‐chain fatty acid production and microbiota profiles in fermentation broth as indicators for their prebiotic activity. RESULTS Chicory root, in contrast to chicory pulp, exhibited an extensive and rapid fermentation similar to inulin and oligofructose, although butyrate levels of root and pulp did not reach those of the purified fractions. Chicory pulp showed higher relative levels of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium cluster IV and butyryl‐CoA:acetate‐CoA transferase gene abundance compared to chicory root. Sugar beet pulp, orange and citrus by‐products displayed extensive gas fermentation patterns, equivalent to those of purified pectin, and revealed an elevated butyrate production compared to purified pectin. Moreover, several orange and citrus by‐products displayed significantly higher relative levels of Bifidobacterium spp. in comparison to purified pectin. CONCLUSIONS Chicory root and pulp as well as orange and citrus by‐products appear to be promising ingredients for piglet diets for modulating intestinal fermentation for health purposes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Inclusion of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in Pigs' Diets Affects the Intestinal Microenvironment and the Gut Microbiota

Cited by 93 publications

References 32 publications

Fermentable non-starch polysaccharides increases the abundance of Bacteroides–Prevotella–Porphyromonas in ileal microbial community of growing pigs

Fermentable non-starch polysaccharides increases the abundance of Bacteroides–Prevotella–Porphyromonas in ileal microbial community of growing pigs

Effect of inulin and a probiotic supplement in the diet of pigs on selected traits of the gastrointestinal microbiome

Fermentation capacities of fructan‐ and pectin‐rich by‐products and purified fractions via an in vitro piglet faecal model

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