Boswellia serrata resin (BSR), exhibiting a variety of therapeutic properties, is applied in Asian traditional medicine. These properties can be used in poultry production as well. Application of the resin as a phytobiotic in broiler chicken rearing can increase the productivity and improve meat quality. However, the optimum and maximum levels of BSR in broiler diets need to be assessed. The study determined the effect of different levels of supplementation of BSR (directly derived, unprocessed) in diets for broiler chickens on the production traits, selected slaughter analysis parameters, nutrient digestibility and selected hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters. In total, 200 1-day-old broiler chickens were assigned randomly to four treatments with five replicate cages of 10 broiler chickens/cage (five females and five males). The experiment lasted 6 weeks, and the broiler chickens were fed diets containing 0% (control), 3% (BSR3), 4% (BSR4) or 5% (BSR5). In the broiler chickens receiving diets with addition of resin BSR3 and BSR4, there was an increase in (P<0.05) BW gain, ether extract, ADF, organic matter and energy digestibility of the diets. Moreover, the best carcass quality with a high proportion of muscles and low abdominal fat content (P<0.05) was noted in these groups. The content of uric acid (P<0.01) and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05) in blood plasma decreased upon the BSR supplementation. Globulin content increased in blood plasma (P<0.05) along the increasing level of BSR. The blood immunoglobulin A concentration was only affected by the BSR treatments (P<0.05). It may be concluded that BSR can be regarded as a safe and effective dietary additive for broiler chicken.
the study aimed to determine the effect of three different levels of Boswellia serrata resin added to broiler diets on the fundamental production parameters, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, energy digestibility, microbiological condition of the gastrointestinal tract, and histomorphology of the walls of the small intestine. two hundred ross 308 chicks were assigned into 4 groups (50 birds of equal body weight) in 5 replications of 10 chicks each (5 females and 5 males). the experiment lasted 6 weeks. the control group (b 0 ) was fed a standard mixture, without supplementation, whereas in groups b 1.5, b 2 , and b 2.5, the Boswellia serrata resin was added at the levels of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% of the complete feed mixture, respectively. the dietary supplementation with 2.0 and 2.5% of Boswellia serrata resin contributed to a significant increase in the length of the duodenum and total intestine and in the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in feed. in these groups, the values of FCR and EEI were positively influenced (P<0.05) and an improvement in the structure of the jejunal wall was also recorded (P<0.05). An increase in the count of lactobacillus and enterococcus in the intestinal contents in broilers fed with the Boswellia serrata resin supplemented diets was observed. in conclusion, the Boswellia serrata resin can be considered as an effective feed additive, which stimulates production and has a positive effect on intestinal microflora and morphology of broilers.
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the ecology of algal species Gonyostomum semen (Ehr.) Diesing, as it is often referred as an invasive species and a climate change indicator. Like many other flagellates, the species has the ability to active swimming, therefore it is often found unevenly distributed in the water column. Although there are several studies focused on the species vertical distribution (VD) and its diurnal changes, there is no general agreement about the causes and mechanisms of the phenomenon. In this paper, we analyzed G. semen VD in three stratified humic lakes in the new area of its spread in Central Europe, aiming to determine the common pattern of this phenomenon as well as to search any relationship with chemical and biotic factors. The results of this investigation showed that VD of the alga during the day varied among three lakes and that Gonyostomum migrated upward in the morning and downward in the afternoon, but it could stay in deep, anoxic and dark layers through most of the diurnal cycle. The analysis of chemical factors revealed that phosphate retrieval from deeper layers is probably not a key driver of the alga uneven VD and its migrations. Diurnal observations showed that three dominating zooplankton species (Asplanchna priodonta, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, and Eudiaptomus graciloides) changed their vertical position in parallel to Gonyostomum. We have suggested in conclusions that the pattern of G. semen VD in temperate stratified lakes is not universal, but rather depends on particular lake conditions, including phosphate content and light climate. Since the zooplankton VD could play a regulating role in the alga behavior, further research in this field would be of great help in understanding this invasive alga ecology.
SummaryThe addition of inulin and/or a probiotic to feed mixtures for pigs can lead to changes in microflora composition and production of short-chain organic acids (SCFA) in the final segment of the digestive tract. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of an inulin and/or a probiotic supplement on Enterobacteriaceae taxa, the susceptibility of the bacteria to six antibiotics, and SCFA content in the cecum and colon, as well as changes in the histological structure of the intestines. The experiment was conducted on 80 fattening pigs with an initial body weight of 30.0 ± 0.5 kg, divided into 4 groups: control (I-C) and three experimental ones, fed the diets either with a probiotic (group II-P), inulin (III-I) or a both additives (group IV-PI). The animals were given ad libitum access to grower (30-70 kg) and finisher (71-115 kg) feed mixtures. During slaughter, from 8 pigs of each group, samples of contents and tissue from the cecum and colon were collected for laboratory analysis. The results of the study indicate differences in the expression of antibiotic resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae isolates depending on the type of dietary supplement. The inulin supplement caused changes in SCFA concentration, mainly an increase in the concentration of propionic and butyric acid, and also increased the thickness of the muscular layer.The synbiotic (mixture of prebiotics and probiotics) was confirmed to have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal microbiome, which may be of significance in preventing the spread of Enterobacteriaceae infections in pigs.
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