Including Stripline Modes in the Y-Junction Circulators: Revisiting Fundamentals and Key Design Equations

Shams, Shoukry I.; Elsaadany, Mahmoud; Kishk, Ahmed A.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2018.2880755

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…We first consider the disk geometry of the Y-junction, which has a diameter smaller than the ferrite disk. Most of the center conductors for Y-junctions are disk-shaped [9], [34]. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of each geometry in terms of the resonance frequency and engineering costs.…”

Section: B Y-junction Strip-line Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, there has been great interest in designing ferrite circulators using closed-form solutions. For instance, a disclosure design methodology based on a modified boundary condition and an expression for the closed form solution of the strip-line Y-junction was studied in [34] and [35]. The presented techniques can be considered an efficient method for circulator design, but they have several limitations: two unknown variables need to be estimated, a material with a high dielectric constant needs to be assumed, and most of the equations and state-of-the-arts were less simplified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Synthesis of Ferrite Strip-Line Circulator Based on Enhanced Closed Form Solution and Power Handling Analysis

Khim

Cheab²,

Soeung

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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In this article, Y-junction strip-line circulators are designed using an enhanced closed form solution consisting of unified key equations and a flowchart design, which serves as a direct procedure for designing a ferrite circulator. This design methodology is combined with a 3D EM simulation that allows for the calculation of the saturation magnetization, uniform biasing, and ferrite dimensions needed for a circulator to operate in both modes. In addition, the closed form can be used to calculate the Y-junction parameters and allow the matching network to be calculated and the uniform circulator biasing design ended. Our analysis starts with the ferrite calculation to ensure that it is uniformly biased magnetically, and this is followed by strip-line design, Y-junction matching, and biasing circuit design. Using fullwave electromagnetic (EM), HFSS and magnetostatic (MS), Maxwell3D simulations, several key design parameters such as the saturation magnetization, coupling angle, and various external permanent magnetic biases are investigated. To validate the proposed concept, two strip-line circulators are designed and fabricated for operation in wide-bandwidth and narrow-bandwidth applications. Good agreement is found between the simulated and experimental responses for the S-parameters of the circulators. We also present a semi-analytical analysis of the concept of breakdown, which enables calculation of the peak power and total thermal rise in the strip-line structure. The average power handling capability of a strip-line circulator is studied for the first time. The proposed closed form expressions can also be implemented in various ferrite circulators using different guiding technologies for millimeter-wave applications.

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Section: B Y-junction Strip-line Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Synthesis of Ferrite Strip-Line Circulator Based on Enhanced Closed Form Solution and Power Handling Analysis

Khim

Cheab²,

Soeung

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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Section: Nonreciprocity Based On Magnetic Field Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2c, d shows the configurations of ferrite Y‐junction circulators that are popular today. These devices contain the ferrite magnetic disk and differ only in the way of realization: a) waveguide [ 90 ] and b) microstrip [ 93 ] geometry. In these devices, without external magnetic bias, the electrons' magnetic dipoles inside the ferrite disk are randomly oriented, and hence the counterrotating modes are degenerate.…”

Section: Nonreciprocity Based On Magnetic Field Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up‐And‐Coming Advances in Optical and Microwave Nonreciprocity: From Classical to Quantum Realm

Kutsaev

Krasnok

Romanenko

et al. 2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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Reciprocity is a fundamental physical principle that roots in the time‐reversal symmetry of physical laws. It allows making predictions on any arbitrary complex system's response and operation and hence simplifies the analysis. However, there are many practical situations in which it is advantageous to break reciprocity, e.g., isolators preventing wave scattering back to lasers and generators, full‐duplex systems for multiplexing transmission and receiving in the same channel, nonreciprocal cavity excitation, and protection of fragile states of superconductor quantum computers from thermal noise. The most widespread approach to time‐reversal symmetry breaking and nonreciprocity based on magnetic field biasing suffers from bulkiness, cost ineffectiveness, and loss, motivating researchers and engineers to search for more practical approaches. Herein, the up‐and‐coming advances in optical nonreciprocity, including new materials (Weyl semimetals, topological insulators, metasurfaces), active structures, time‐modulation, parity‐time (PT)‐symmetry breaking, nonlinearity combined with a structural asymmetry, quantum nonlinearity, unidirectional gain and loss, chiral quantum states and valley polarization are overviewed. A general description of nonreciprocal systems is provided and the pros and cons of the mentioned approaches to nonreciprocity are discussed.

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“…Conventional nonreciprocal devices have been designed using transversely magnetized traditional junction structures [9][10][11]. However, these components have many drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Broadband CPW-FCL Gyrator

Abdalla¹,

Hu²

2022

PIER C

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In this paper, a novel wideband gyrator based on a ferrite coupled line design approach and realized in coplanar waveguide configuration is presented. The ferrite coupled lines are proved to demonstrate typical unique properties. The design of the optimum coupled lines has shown an almost 1 dB/3 dB insertion loss for even/odd modes excitation respectively. Also, for single excitation, the power is divided at output ports with insertion loss almost equal to 3 dB and 5 dB, good matching and isolation between output ports (less than −15 dB). The bandwidth of the designed coupler is proved over the bandwidth of 7 GHz-11 GHz. As an application, a novel gyrator is introduced and covers the same coupler bandwidth. The performance of the gyrator is optimized using full-wave simulations.

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Including Stripline Modes in the Y-Junction Circulators: Revisiting Fundamentals and Key Design Equations

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Design and Synthesis of Ferrite Strip-Line Circulator Based on Enhanced Closed Form Solution and Power Handling Analysis

Design and Synthesis of Ferrite Strip-Line Circulator Based on Enhanced Closed Form Solution and Power Handling Analysis

Up‐And‐Coming Advances in Optical and Microwave Nonreciprocity: From Classical to Quantum Realm

A Broadband CPW-FCL Gyrator

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