Incidental ganglioneuromas: a presentation of 14 surgical cases and literature review

Abstract

Our data widen the knowledge about ganglioneuroma and confirm that the surgical approach has an excellent prognosis with very low incidence of surgery-related complications and recurrences.

Intraparenchymal Spinal Cord Ganglioneuroblastoma Originating from the Peripheral Sympathetic Nervous System in a Cat

“…These tumors are extremely rare. 13,14 Despite the initial suspicion of a peripheral nerve sheath tumor, the CT and MRI findings allowed for the hypothesized origin of the tumor in the abdominal sympathetic trunk ganglia that courses along the vertebral muscles, with subsequent spinal cord invasion. The patient's urinary incontinence and exceedingly large bladder as noted on physical examinations and observed on MRI ( Fig 1A) likely resulted from involvement of the lower motor neuron segments of the pelvic nerve leading to detrusor muscle dysfunction, inability to urinate, and consequent overfilling of the urinary bladder.…”

“…Their malignant counterparts, GNBs, present with features of malignancy including less differentiated neuronal cells, mitoses, necrosis, tissue invasion, metastases, or some combination of these findings. These tumors are extremely rare 13, 14…”

Conus medullaris ganglioneuroma with syringomyelia radiologically mimicking ependymoma: A case report

“…Subsequently, sections of the neural crest cells migrate to the ventral side, while certain cells remain in the neural tube (spinal cord), when the neural crest is formed at the back of neural tube (13,14). Therefore, the conus medullaris region is a possible anatomical location for the origin of ganglioneuroma (4,(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

“…Furthermore, women are more frequently affected than men (1)(2)(3). Ganglioneuromas most frequently occur in the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla, exerting the majority of their effect on spinal and sympathetic nerves, and causing neural dysfunction (4). These benign tumors contain well-differentiated ganglion cells, which are otherwise common in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneal regions.…”

Association of Adrenal Ganglioneuroma with Addison’s Disease: A Case Study

“…Most GNs are sporadic but they can also associate with neurofibromatosis type II and multiple endocrinologic neoplasma type II. GNs may arise anywhere along the paravertebral sympathetic plexus [8], more common in the retroperitoneum (40%) and rarely found in adrenal glands (1-6%) [9]. Adrenal GNs do not typically secrete exogenous hormones; thus the clinical presentation in most cases is asymptomatic with an incidental diagnosis [10].…”