Incidences of various passenger vehicle front-end designs on pedestrian lower limb injuries

Mo, Fuhao; Arnoux, Pierre‐Jean; Avalle, Massimiliano; Scattina, Alessandro; Semino, Elena; Masson, Catherine

doi:10.1080/13588265.2015.1012879

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…In order to compare the femur resultant bending moment in different cases, 16 cross-sections were selected along the femur, referring to a previous study. 24 The bending moments of each section at the moment of the peak axial femur force were recorded in Figure 9. Most femoral bending moments in active cases are larger than that in inactive cases at the same time and in the same position.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of active muscle forces on driver’s lower-limb injuries due to emergency brake in various frontal impacts

Huang

Wang

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Accident data shows that driver’s kinematics response in real accidents can be significantly different from that in dummy or cadaver tests because of driver’s muscle contraction. In this study, a finite element human-body model consisting of an upper body of a dummy model and a lower limb–pelvis biomechanical model with three-dimensional active muscles was developed to investigate in depth the lower-limb injuries. Driver’s emergency reaction during frontal impact was simulated by modelling muscle active contraction based on a series of volunteer experimental tests. Besides, a realistic impact environment with the response of the restraint system and the invasion of the driver’s compartment was established in this study. The results show that muscle contraction can cause extra loads on lower limbs during the impact, which can increase the injury risk of lower limbs. As for the femur injury, muscle contraction caused an additional 1 kN axial load on the femur, and the femur resultant bending moment of active models was also higher by about 10–40 N m. Besides, the tibial index of the model with muscle activation was about 0.1 higher. In addition, the results indicate that the femur injury is strongly related to the combined action of both axial force and bending moment. The variation of the injury tolerance along the tibia shaft should be considered when evaluating the tibia injury. Overall, the current lower-limb injury criteria can be still the lack of robustness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of active muscle forces on driver’s lower-limb injuries due to emergency brake in various frontal impacts

Huang

Wang

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…To consider the collision of upper body mass on the risk of pedestrian lower limb injury in a vehicle collision, we coupled the HALL model with the upper body of the Chinese human body model to form a Chinese human 50th percentile finite element model (height 168 cm, weight 59 kg) (Figure 1B). This coupling method has been widely used before [32][33][34].…”

Section: Chinese Human Body Lower Limb Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Study and Collision Response of Material Properties of Long Bones in Chinese Pedestrian Lower Limbs

et al. 2022

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In forensic examination cases, lower limb injuries are common, and pedestrians of different ages suffer different injuries when they are hit by vehicles, especially the injuries to the long bones of the lower limbs. Aging remains a challenging issue for the material properties and injury biomechanical properties of pedestrian lower limb long bones. We analyzed the regression relationship between the age of 50 Chinese pedestrians and the material properties of the lower limb long bones (femur, tibia). We compared them with previous studies to propose a regression model suitable for Chinese human long bone material properties. Through the established Human Active Lower Limb (HALL) model that conforms to the Chinese human anatomy, seven pedestrians’ (20/30/40/50/60/70/80 years old (YO)) lower limbs were parameterized to assign long bone material properties. In the finite element analysis, the Hall model was side-impacted by a family car (FCR) at speeds of 30/40/50/60/70 km/h, respectively. The results showed that an increase in age was negatively correlated with a decrease in the material properties of each long bone. Moreover, with an increase in age, the tolerance limit of long bones gradually decreases, but there will be a limit, and there is no obvious positive correlation with age. During a standing side impact, the stress change in the femur was significantly smaller than that of the tibia, and the stress of the femur and tibia decreased with age. Age is a more significant influencing factor for lower limb injuries. Older pedestrians have a higher risk of lower limb injuries. Forensic experts should pay attention to the critical factor of age when encountering lower limb traffic accident injuries in forensic identification work.

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Predicting Safer Vehicle Font-End Shapes for Pedestrian Lower Limb Protection via a Numerical Optimization Framework

Guan

et al. 2020

Int.J Automot. Technol.

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Incidences of various passenger vehicle front-end designs on pedestrian lower limb injuries

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of active muscle forces on driver’s lower-limb injuries due to emergency brake in various frontal impacts

Effects of active muscle forces on driver’s lower-limb injuries due to emergency brake in various frontal impacts

Age-Related Study and Collision Response of Material Properties of Long Bones in Chinese Pedestrian Lower Limbs

Predicting Safer Vehicle Font-End Shapes for Pedestrian Lower Limb Protection via a Numerical Optimization Framework

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