Incidence variation of prostate and cervical cancer according to socioeconomic level in the Girona Health Region

Abstract

BackgroundThe main aim of this study, using a spatial-temporal model, is to analyse the link between a deprivation index and the incidence of prostate and cervical cancer in the Girona Health Region (GHR).MethodsThis is a population-based study which includes all the inhabitants in the GHR in the period 1993–2006. In order to assess prostate/cervical cancer risk, Besag, York and Mollie (BYM)’s spatial-temporal version of the model was used and four random effects were introduced: (non-spatial) unstructured variability, spatial dependency, temporal dependency and spatial-temporal interaction. As an explanatory variable, a deprivation index was introduced at the census tract level. Furthermore, the percentage of the population between 45–64 years of age and over-65 was also considered as explanatory variables.ResultsIn the case of prostate cancer, all the variables which were introduced into the model showed a significant correlation with the relative risk, except for the second quintile of the deprivation index. Furthermore, as the index increased the correlation became negative and lower. Thus, the correlation between the relative risk and the two age bands proved to be lower, the higher the age was. In the case of cervical cancer, only the correlation between the over-65 age band and the relative risk was found to be statistically significant and positive.ConclusionsIn the case of prostate cancer, the results obtained in the GHR are in line with similar analyses. However, in the case of cervical cancer, no significant relationship between incidences in this location or economic status was found.

Spatio-temporal mapping of breast and prostate cancers in South Iran from 2014 to 2017

“…GIS enable researchers to assess the revealed access to cancer services through combing spatial and non-spatial factors [58][59][60] and the results suggest measuring access to cancer prevention programmes should be the first step when examining this hypothesis. Previous studies have highlighted the impact of the socio-economic status on the differences in the incidence of cancers of the breast and prostate [61][62][63]. Assessing the impact of socio-economic status on the geographic disparities of the gender-specific cancers incidence in the study area can be done by analysing the overall spatial structure or identifying high-risk areas.…”

Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence in Europe: a comprehensive review of population-based epidemiological studies

“…25,[29][30][31][32][33]44,[68][69][70] When area deprivation is used, effect sizes are generally similar and also independent of individual SES. [16][17][18][19]21,29,[70][71][72] Particularly prominent seem to be the effects of neighbourhood deprivation 29,70 and individual level material dimension of SES (e.g. income) which seemingly influence risk even more than education.…”

“…0.5-0.9, most often around 0.8, again with independent effects of different SES indicators. 14,[16][17][18]22,25,27,[29][30][31][32]36,71,102,106,[113][114][115][116] Higher RRs are reported for less compared to more advanced disease 106,113,115 ; this points to screening as one of the reasons for the positive gap (affluent men have better access to or are more motivated to undergo opportunistic screening). The gap was increasing during the first decade of the 21 st century 59,115 , but has since decreased in certain places 22 , perhaps due to changes in clinical use of PSA testing after negative outcomes related to opportunistic screening were becoming increasingly recognised.…”

Spatio-temporal Mapping of Breast and Prostate Cancer in South Iran During 2014-2017

“…GIS enable researchers to assess the revealed access to cancer services through combing spatial and non-spatial factors (55,57,58) and the results suggest measuring access to cancer prevention programmes in the study area as the rst step of examining this hypothesis. Previous studies have highlighted the impact of the socio-economic status on the differences in breast and prostate cancers incidence (59)(60)(61). Assessing the impact of socio-economic status on the geographic disparities of the gender-speci c cancers incidence in the study area can be done by analysing the overall spatial structure or identifying high-risk areas.…”