Incidence, trends, and risks of ectopic pregnancy in a population of women.

Abstract

In a 20-year longitudinal study on ectopic pregnancy in a defined population of women aged 15-39 years the rate of ectopic pregnancy per 1000 diagnosed conceptions increased from 5 8 during 1960-4 to 11 1 during 1975-9. The mean annual incidence of ectopic pregnancy per 1000 women increased from 0 6 to 1 2 during the same period. The numbers of ectopic pregnancies per 1000 diagnosed conceptions increased with increasing age of the women and were 4 1, in the teenage group 6 9, in women aged 20-29 years, and 12 9 in women aged 30-39. Among 20-to 29-year-old sexually active women at risk of pregnancy who had never had acute salpingitis the rates of ectopic pregnancy per 100 woman-years were the same in those who did not use contraceptives as in those using non-medicated or copper-medicated intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs; 0 3/100 woman years). The risk of an ectopic pregnancy increased sevenfold after acute salpingitis.These findings confirm the increased risk of ectopic pregnancy after salpingitis and suggest that the increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in Lund from 1960 to 1979 was partly accounted for by the use of IUCDs.

Ectopic Pregnancy in a Defined Saudi Population

“…It is generally accepted that the recent relatively high incidence in ectopic pregnancy worldwide is attributable to tubal damage following the epidemic of STD, and the subsequent sequelae of PID of the early 1970s [1,3,16]. The use of IUCD [17] is equally blamed for the recent increase.…”

“…This is said to preserve and indeed improve reproductive performance in these patients. However, it is a well established fact that prior ectopic pregnancy increases the risk of a subsequent ectopic pregnancy fourfold [9,15,16,21,22]. Therefore, recurrent ectopic pregnancy may occur in an already damaged contralateral tube and increase morbidity from the disease.…”

“…The rising incidence of ectopic pregnancy worldwide has been predicated on the increasing incidence of the risk factors; particularly, that of PID, STD and increasing usage of IUCD [1,3,15,16]. It is generally accepted that the recent relatively high incidence in ectopic pregnancy worldwide is attributable to tubal damage following the epidemic of STD, and the subsequent sequelae of PID of the early 1970s [1,3,16].…”

Pelvic inflammatory disease and salpingitis: incidence of primary and repeat episodes in England

“…Much of our knowledge of the impact of PID on reproductive health is based on the Lund study [2,[12][13][14]. The study was based on laparoscopic examination of women with hospital-diagnosed PID.…”

Ectopic Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital Northern Western Rajasthan

“…Most likely cause of ectopic pregnancy is the delay in the passage of the fertilized ovum from the fallopian tube to the uterine cavity 1 . The associated risk factors are sexually transmitted diseases, pelvic inflammatory disease, and history of previous ectopic, tubal sterilization, intra uterine device usage and age > 35 yrs 2,3,4 . Diagnosis can be made by USG, serum hCG, although the 'gold standard' is laparoscopy 5 .…”