Incidence of tuberculosis and HIV and progression of silicosis and lung function impairment among former basotho gold miners

Park, Harriet H; Girdler-Brown, Brendan; Churchyard, Gavin J.; White, Neil W.; Ehrlich, Rodney

doi:10.1002/ajim.20767

Cited by 45 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Known TB risk factors among gold miners include silica dust exposure, silicosis10 11 and HIV infection 12. Studies in the past decade have recorded a prevalence of silicosis of 19% in older active miners13 and up to 27% in former miners,14 and HIV seroprevalences of 24–30% in the general gold mining workforce 9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess lung function decline in gold miners following pulmonary tuberculosis

Ross

Ehrlich

Hnizdo

et al. 2010

Thorax

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess lung function decline in gold miners following pulmonary tuberculosis

Ross

Ehrlich

Hnizdo

et al. 2010

Thorax

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“…In the relevant literature, silicotuberculosis (40). The odds of developing silicotuberculosis increase in proportion to the time of exposure (38) and the dose of respirable crystalline silica (30).…”

Section: Complications Of Silicosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects of occupational exposure to crystalline silica in the light of current research results

Maciejewska¹

2015

Med Pr

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Crystalline silica is commonly found in the work environment. Possible health effects of occupational exposure continue to be the subject of extensive research. The aim of this paper was to analyze the recent findings concerning the health effects of exposure to crystalline silica, taking into account different levels of exposure. This work is based on the relevant information from the papers retrieved from the following databases: EBSCO, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, using the following keywords: crystalline silica, quartz, health effects. The review of the results confirms the multi-faceted harmful effects of crystalline silica. Prolonged occupational exposure, apart from silicosis and non-cancer respiratory diseases, may also result in the development of lung cancer, and autoimmune and chronic kidney diseases, the pathogenesis, which has not been completely explained yet. The exposure to the crystalline silica at concentrations close to the current occupational exposure limit value does not exclude the risk of the following pathologies: silicosis, lung cancer, other lung diseases and renal diseases. It is not feasible to completely eliminate the crystalline silica dust from the work environment. The best way to reduce the health effects of the exposure is to minimize the concentrations of silica dust. Further progress in clarifying the true mechanisms of interaction between silica dust and lung cells, the determination of the importance of surface properties of the silica particles in the pathogenic processes and explaining the effects of co-morbid dust in the work environment may help to prevent the harmful effects of silica dust. Med Pr 2014;65(6):799-818Key words: crystalline silica, quartz, silicosis, health effects, lung cancer, occupational exposure StreszczenieKrystaliczna krzemionka powszechnie występuje w środowisku pracy. Możliwe zdrowotne skutki zawodowego narażenia są nadal przedmiotem wielu badań. Celem niniejszej pracy była analiza aktualnych wyników badań dotyczących zdrowotnych skutków narażenia na krystaliczną krzemionkę, z uwzględnieniem różnych poziomów ekspozycji. Podstawę opracowania stanowiły publikacje zawarte w bazach: EBSCO, Scopus, ScienceDirect oraz Web of Science, znalezione z użyciem słów kluczowych: crystalline silica, quartz, health effects. Przegląd wyników badań potwierdza wielokierunkowe szkodliwe działanie krystalicznej krzemionki. W następstwie długotrwałej zawodowej ekspozycji, oprócz krzemicy płuc i nienowotworowych chorób układu oddechowego, może rozwijać się rak płuca, a także choroby o niewyjaśnionej ostatecznie patogenezie -choroby autoimmunizacyjne i choroby nerek. Ekspozycja na krystaliczną krzemionkę występującą w zakresie stężeń zbliżonych do obecnie obowiązujących wartości dopuszczalnych nie wyklucza ryzyka wystąpienia następujących patologii: krzemicy, raka płuca, innych chorób płuc oraz chorób nerek. Wyeliminowanie pyłu krystalicznej krzemionki ze środowiska pracy jest praktycznie niemożliwe, a głównym sposobem ograniczania zdrowotnych skut...

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“…Moreover, the prevalence of latent TB in miners has been reported to be between 66 and 89% (18). Miners returning to their communities continue to experience high rates of TB (19)(20)(21) and transmit TB to their families; having a mine worker in a household increased the risk for tuberculin skin test (TST) positivity in children under 5 years almost 3-fold in Botswana (22). Clearly, mining is an important contributor to the propagation of the TB epidemic in Southern Africa (23).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Tuberculosis and HIV: Recent Advances in Understanding and Responses

Martinson¹,

Hoffmann²,

Chaisson³

2011

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society

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Although tuberculosis (TB) continues to cause enormous suffering and overwhelm health care systems in areas with high HIV prevalence, there have been a number of recent significant advances in knowledge regarding the epidemiology, management, and control of HIV-related TB. TB remains the most common serious opportunistic infection in people with HIV infection and the leading cause of death. However, there is some reason for optimism. First, two trials addressing when to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected adults with newly diagnosed TB have shown that earlier initiation of ART reduces mortality significantly. Second, there is trial evidence of efficacy in giving long-term isoniazid preventive treatment (IPT) to HIV-infected adults in high HIV-prevalence settings where TB reinfection is frequent (much like cotrimoxazole). Third, the search for an inexpensive, rapid, sensitive, and specific TB diagnostic that is able to replace smear and delayed mycobacterial culture has yielded promising results. Responding to massive TB epidemics in high HIVprevalence settings, the World Health Organization has supplemented its directly observed treatment short-course strategy with one called the 3I's to actively screen and diagnose TB cases (intensified case finding), prevent new cases of TB with IPT, and prevent transmission of TB in congregate settings such as hospitals and clinics (infection control). Combating TB in high HIV-prevalence settings requires rapid and massive implementation of the 3I's with initiation of antiretrovirals and more effective efforts to prevent new HIV infections.

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Incidence of tuberculosis and HIV and progression of silicosis and lung function impairment among former basotho gold miners

Cited by 45 publications

References 18 publications

Excess lung function decline in gold miners following pulmonary tuberculosis

Excess lung function decline in gold miners following pulmonary tuberculosis

Health effects of occupational exposure to crystalline silica in the light of current research results

Epidemiology of Tuberculosis and HIV: Recent Advances in Understanding and Responses

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