Incidence of Insect Pests on Rice in Nigeria: A Review

Rice stem borer species in Tanzania: a review

“…Therefore, the usual symptom of dead heart or white head is not initiated during plant growth for this pest (Banwo, 2002;Heinrichs & Barrion, 2004). This is due to its habitation of remaining at the lower internodes of rice than the uppermost which favours initiation of panicle at the last node (Ogah & Nwilene, 2017). Nevertheless, reduction in plant vigour, tiller number and panicle weight due to M. separatella infestation is highly recorded from rice fields in many places in the World.…”

“…The infestation during the booting stage resulted into reduction of the number of spikelets per panicle, hindering ripening of panicles which eventually lead to grain weight loss (Nwilene et al, 2013). The M. separatella tends to limit their feeding by strictly feeding on one or two internodes of only one tiller through the larvae stage unlike other stem borer species (Ogah & Nwilene, 2017). According to Kega, Olubayo, Kasina, and Nderitu (2016), M. separatella may cause a yield loss ranging from 50-90% if control measures are not initiated at the early stages of rice growth.…”

“…M. separatella is a monophagous insect specific to Oryza species with limited alternate hosts, while rice (stem) serves as a residual population between rice crops (Ogah & Nwilene, 2017). However, studies by Khan, Ampong-Nyarko, Chiliswa, Hassanali, and Kimani (1997) African Pink Borer, Sesamia calamistis Hamson, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae…”

“…Feeding during the vegetative stage (before panicle initiation) causes the death of the central shoot leading to a dead heat symptom and it is at this stage when S. calamistis larvae population is low (Leonard & Rwegasira, 2015). At the booting stage of rice crop is when the population of S. calamistis larva starts to increase, but larvae population doubles as from panicle initiation to maturity stage of rice crop (Ogah & Nwilene, 2017). S. calamistis feedings during the reproductive stage of rice crop causes splitting of the developed panicle at its base.…”

Impact of Rice Stem Borers and Identification of <i>Orseolia oryzivora</i> Harris & Gagné, 1982 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Biotypes in the Southern Cameroon

“…The DNA extracts corresponding to samples number 2, 16,18,19,20,22,26,28,29,30,38,39,40, 41 and 42 were amplified by OSSP primer pair 5F/R (Figure 3(a)). The OSSP 1F/R primer pair amplified the DNA extracts corresponding to samples number 16,18,19,20,22,25,29,30,38,39,40, 41 and 42 (Figure 3(b)).…”