We have followed the appearance and persistence of yersinia antibodies of different Ig classes during and after an acute yersinia infection, and compared the antibody responses of patients either developing arthritis after yersinia infection or not. The arthritic patients had higher concentration of lgCi and IgA class antibodies in the acute phase of infection than those remaining free of joint symptoms. On the other hand, the concentration of IgM class antibodies was slightly lower in arthritic patients. In addition, IgG and IgA class antibodies persisted in arthritic patients even for many years. The level and the persistence of the IgA, but not the IgG, response correlated to HLA-B27. In all patients the IgA class antibodies are composed of both IgAl-and IgA2-class immunoglobulins. However, anti-yersinia secretory IgA was detected in higher concentrations in the sera of those who developed arthritis. This as well as the high proportional concentration of lgA2 antibodies to Yersinia in the sera of these patients suggest an altered immune response of the gut in yersinia arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University of Toronto on 11/04/14 For personal use only. Scand J Rheumatol 7. Ahlqvist J . A hypothesis on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid and other non-specific synovitides based on a combination of observations often overlooked. Med Hypotheses 9: I I , 1982. Ahlqvist J , Ahvonen P. Risanen J , Wallgren G. Enteric infection with Yersinia enterocolitica. Large pyroninophilic cell reaction in mesenteric lymph nodes associated with early product ion of specific antibodies. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand (A) 79: 109, 1971. Ahvonen P. Human yersiniosis in Finland. 1. Bacteriology and serology. Ann Clin Res 4: 30, 1972. Andre C, Berthoux F C, Andre F, Gillon J, Genin C, Sabatier J C. Prevalence of lgA2 deposit in IgA nephropathies. A clue to their pathogenesis. N Engl J Med 303: 1343, 1980. Brandtzaeg P. The humoral immune system of the human gastro-intestinal tract. Monogr Allergy 17: 195. 1981. Calin A, Marks S H. The case against seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med 70: 992, 1981. Childerstone M, Colthorpe D, Ebringer A, Rook G . Ebringer R. James D C 0. Antibodies to Klebsiella measured in ankylosing spondylitis patients using ELISA. 5th European Immunology Meeting, Istanbul 1982 (abstract p. 214). Scand J Rheumatol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University of Toronto on 11/04/14 For personal use only.