Incidence of <i>Blastocystis hominis</i> in faecal samples submitted for routine microbiological analysis

Windsor, Jeffrey J.; Macfarlane, L.; Hughes-Thapa, G.; Jones, Samantha K.; Whiteside, T M

doi:10.1080/09674845.2002.11783653

Cited by 75 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…Blastocystis is one of the most frequently encountered protozoan parasites reported in humans (Amin, 2002 ;Windsor et al 2002). Although Blastocystis has previously been detected in various hosts from Australia, including humans, cats, dogs and chickens (Duda et al 1998 ;Lee and Stenzel, 1999 ;Hellard et al 2000), they were not genetically characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct characterization of Blastocystis from faeces by PCR and evidence of zoonotic potential

et al. 2006

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In vitro propagation followed by PCR, and a PCR-based method capable of the direct detection of Blastocystis in faeces were utilized to detect Blastocystis from various hosts in Australia, including primates and their handlers from the Perth Zoo. In addition, Blastocystis isolates from dogs and humans living in a localized endemic community in Thailand were also characterized genetically. PCR-based detection directly from faeces was shown to be more sensitive compared with in vitro culture for the detection of Blastocystis. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis isolates amplified utilizing in vitro techniques prior to PCR revealed that this method favoured the preferential amplification of Blastocystis subtype 5 over subtype 1. This study is the first to provide molecular-based evidence supporting the zoonotic potential of Blastocystis in dogs, possums and primates in a natural setting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct characterization of Blastocystis from faeces by PCR and evidence of zoonotic potential

et al. 2006

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“…Blastocystis hominis is the most common intestinal parasite in humans and many other animals (1). Infections with the organism are spread worldwide and it is often the most frequently isolated protozoan in parasitological surveys (2)(3)(4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of The Genetic Variability of Blastocystis hominis Isolates in Hamadan, West of Iran

Sardarian

Hajilooi

Maghsood

et al. 2012

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Blastocystis hominis is a common protozoan parasite in the human and many other animals intestine. The parasite pathogenicity is still controversial. A few studies have been conducted on prevalence of B. hominis subtypes in Iran. The results of present study improve our knowledge on B. hominis subtypes in Iran and therefore we can do more investigations on pathogenicity potential of these subtypes in the future. Background:Blastocystis is a common protozoan parasite in mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish, arthropods, and annelids. This parasite has some subtypes, which pathogenicity status of them still remained controversial. Some of Blastocystis subtypes are potentially pathogenic to human. Objectives: This study has identified the Blastocystis hominis subtypes and their prevalence rates in Hamadan. Materials and Methods: During two months of summer 2011, a total number of 250 human fecal samples referred for parasitology examination to Beasat Hospital and a few clinical laboratories of Hamadan city were collected. The samples were examined by direct method and formalin-ether. 41 samples exhibited positive results for B. hominis thereby were cultured in Locke-egg medium. After the growth and in order to genotype identification, B. hominis isolates were amplified by PCR, using seven pairs of sequencestagged site primers. Results: In this study, three subtypes of B. hominis consisted of one [SB83], two [SB340] and three [SB227] were identified. The most dominant genotype was SB83 with 56.1 % frequency. The prevalence rate of genotype SB227 and SB340 were 22 % and 7.3 %, respectively. Coexistence of genotypes SB83 and SB227 was detected in 14.6 % of positive cases. Conclusions: This is the first study in Hamadan on genotyping of B. hominis, which may trigger other epidemiologic and zoonotic studies on different subtypes and hence control clinical manifestations of infection.

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“…Originally D. fragilis was considered an ameba, but based on ultrastructural characteristics (2), antibody data (8), and phylogenetic data originating from 16S-like rRNA gene sequences, it has been established that it is a trichomonad (20), with no identified cyst stage. Most recent literature accepts that D. fragilis is an important enteric pathogen (7,10,18), with an estimated incidence of symptomatic infection of between 4 and 91% (11,21,25,26). Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea.…”

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Direct Amplification and Genotyping of Dientamoeba fragilis from Human Stool Specimens

Peek¹,

Reedeker

Gool

2004

J Clin Microbiol

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Dientamoeba fragilis is a globally occurring parasite that has been recognized as a causative agent of gastrointestinal symptoms. A single-round PCR was developed to detect D. fragilis DNA directly from human stool samples. The genetic diversity of D. fragilis from 93 patients and 6 asymptomatic carriers was examined by PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of part of the small-subunit rRNA gene. The data show that D. fragilis sequences can be studied directly from fecal specimens despite the absence of a cyst stage and without the need for prior culturing. In addition, the results suggest strongly that D. fragilis shows remarkably little variation in its small-subunit rRNA gene.Dientamoeba fragilis is a protozoan parasite found in the mucosal crypts of the large intestines of humans. Originally D. fragilis was considered an ameba, but based on ultrastructural characteristics (2), antibody data (8), and phylogenetic data originating from 16S-like rRNA gene sequences, it has been established that it is a trichomonad (20), with no identified cyst stage. Most recent literature accepts that D. fragilis is an important enteric pathogen (7,10,18), with an estimated incidence of symptomatic infection of between 4 and 91% (11,21,25,26). Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea.Because of the lack of a cyst stage, diagnosis can be performed only on freshly passed stool or by the use of fixatives and permanent stains. In addition, day-to-day shedding is highly variable, which imposes the need for multiple sampling (24). These features have likely led to an underestimation of the prevalence of D. fragilis, which is reported to vary between 0.2% and more than 19% depending upon the population studied (3,9,15,16,26).Despite the relatively high prevalence of D. fragilis and its apparent role in patients presenting with gastrointestinal complaints, surprisingly little is known about its pathogenicity, route of transmission, epidemiology, and genetics. Because only some infected persons experience symptoms, it is possible that D. fragilis is a heterogeneous species with nonpathogenic and pathogenic variants with similar morphology but different pathogenicities. This has been suggested for other lumendwelling protozoa such as Giardia duodenalis (13) and demonstrated for Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (4, 6). In a first report on variability in D. fragilis, the 16S-like ribosomal subunit DNA sequence of cultured D. fragilis from a small number of patients was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (14). Two of the 11 isolates gave a different restriction fragment pattern, indicating that there was genetic diversity in these D. fragilis cultures.The cumbersome and time-consuming techniques to maintain D. fragilis in culture in combination with the rapid disappearance of trophozoites from fresh feces have probably precluded more extensive and detailed studies of the genetic variability in D. fragilis. In addition, culture is not suitable for molecular ana...

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Incidence of Blastocystis hominis in faecal samples submitted for routine microbiological analysis

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Direct characterization of Blastocystis from faeces by PCR and evidence of zoonotic potential

Direct characterization of Blastocystis from faeces by PCR and evidence of zoonotic potential

A Study of The Genetic Variability of Blastocystis hominis Isolates in Hamadan, West of Iran

Direct Amplification and Genotyping of Dientamoeba fragilis from Human Stool Specimens

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