Incidence of Hyperprolactinemia in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

Notsu, Kazumi; Ito, Yasuo; Furuya, Hiroshi; Ohguni, Satoshi; Kato, Yuzuru

doi:10.1507/endocrj.44.89

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Elevation of PRL in overt hypothyroidism has been reported before [1-4, 8, 12], but studies on this subject in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism are few [9,10,11]. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the increase in prolactin levels in primary hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…PRL levels remained high in those who received placebo. Notsu, et al [10] measured PRL levels in 15 healthy controls and in 74 Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients: 42 were euthyroid, 18 had sublcinical and 14 had overt hypothyroidism. PRL was found to be elevated in 42% of the overt hypothyroid patients, 11% in the subclinical hypothyroid patients, and 14% or the euthyroid patients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in overt hypothyroidism has been reported to be as high as 40%, its prevalence and clinical significance in subclinical hypothyroidism has only been reported in case reports and smaller studies [7,8,9,10,11]. Some have even found no relationship between the degree of hypothyroidism and prolactin levels [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism

et al. 2010

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“…Seminal abnormalities were corrected when patients became euthyroid. Another study that evaluated the effects of Grave's disease on male reproduction showed that thyrotoxic male presented several changes on semen parameters, such as: asthenospermia, hypospermia, oligospermia, necrospermia and teratospermia, as well as complaints of impaired sexual function (49). A normalization of 85% of seminal alterations was observed when euthyroidism were reached.…”

Section: Thyroid Hormone Disorders and Male Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in the production rate of estrogens is also observed in some men with thyrotoxicosis, although it is unclear whether this is due to increased production of adrenal androgen precursors (specifically D4A) or to other mechanisms (48). Furthermore, serum progesterone was reported to be higher in hyperthyroid than in euthyroid males (49), while mean basal testosterone bioactivity was lower in patients as compared to controls (50). Thyrotoxic males often present clinical features compatible with exposure to increased estrogen bioactivity (gynecomastia, spider angiomas, and a decrease in libido) (51).…”

Section: Thyroid Hormone and Testicular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical implications of altered thyroid status in male testicular function

Wajner

Wagner

Maia

2009

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Thyroid hormones are involved in the development and maintenance of virtually all tissues. Although for many years the testis was thought to be a thyroid-hormone unresponsive organ, studies of the last decades have demonstrated that thyroid dysfunction is associated not only with abnormalities in morphology and function of testes, but also with decreased fertility and alterations of sexual activity in men. Nowadays, the participation of triiodothyronine (T3) in the control of Sertoli and Leydig cell proliferation, testicular maturation, and steroidogenesis is widely accepted, as well as the presence of thyroid hormone transporters and receptors in testicular cells throughout the development process and in adulthood. But even with data suggesting that T3 may act directly on these cells to bring about its effects, there is still controversy regarding the impact of thyroid diseases on human spermatogenesis and fertility, which can be in part due to the lack of well-controlled clinical studies. The current review aims at presenting an updated picture of recent clinical data about the role of thyroid hormones in male gonadal function. RESUMOOs hormônios da tireoide estão envolvidos virtualmente no desenvolvimento e na manutenção de todos os tecidos. As gônadas masculinas foram, por décadas, consideradas insensíveis aos hormônios tireoidianos. No entanto, estudos mais recentes têm demonstrado que disfunções tireoidianas estão associadas não somente a anormalidades na morfologia e na função dos testículos, mas também à diminuição da fertilidade e alterações na atividade sexual masculina. Atualmente, o papel da triiodotironina (T3) no controle da proliferação das células de Sertoli e Leydig, maturação testicular e esteroidogênese é amplamente aceito, bem como a presença de transportadores e receptores para o hormônio tireoidiano nos testículos durante o período de desenvolvimento e a idade adulta. No entanto, apesar dos dados que indicam que o T3 atua diretamente nos testículos humanos, persistem controvérsias em relação ao impacto das doenças tireoidianas sobre a espermatogênese e a fertilidade, o que pode ser em parte devido à escassez de estudos clínicos nessa área. Essa revisão tem por objetivo apresentar um panorama de dados clínicos atualizados sobre o papel dos hormônios tireoidianos na função gonadal masculina. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2009;53(8):976-82 Descritores

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Thyroid disease and male reproductive function

Krassas¹,

Perros

2003

J Endocrinol Invest

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Despite the high prevalence of thyroid diseases in the general population, male reproductive function in patients with thyroid disease has been the subject of only a few studies. Hyperthyroidism appears to cause sperm abnormalities (mainly reduction in motility), which reverse after restoration of euthyroidism. Radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer may cause transient reductions in sperm count and motility, but there appears to be little risk of permanent effects provided that the cumulative dose is less than 14 MBq. The effects of hypothyroidism on male reproduction appear to be more subtle than those of hyperthyroidism and reversible. Severe, prolonged hypothyroidism in childhood may be associated with permanent abnormalities in gonadal function.

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Incidence of Hyperprolactinemia in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

Abstract: Abstract.The causes of hyperprolactinemia, the correlation between serum levels of PRL and thyroid function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary were studied in patients with chronic thyroiditis.Seventy

Cited by 38 publications

References 7 publications

The prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism

The prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism

Clinical implications of altered thyroid status in male testicular function

Thyroid disease and male reproductive function

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