Incidence of cryptosporidiosis species in paediatric patients in Malawi

Morse, Tracy; Nichols, R.A.B.; Grimason, Anthony; Campbell, Brian; Tembo, K.C.; Smith, H. V.

doi:10.1017/s0950268806007758

Cited by 109 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…oocysts in their stools was found to be 11.0 %, a surprisingly high rate given the lack of symptoms in these individuals. This rate is comparable to the prevalence observed in diarrheic individuals which vary from 3 to 10 % according to HIV prevalence (Wumba et al 2012;Gatei et al 2006;Morse et al 2007). The existence of this reservoir therefore constitutes a potential risk for the infection of malnourished and immunocompromised individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This species is a strictly human parasite and PlaineOrety is a district of Libreville in which the human population rarely comes into contact with the C. parvum parasite non human reservoir. Moreover, in tropical areas, most surveys on the general population, and even on patients with diarrhea, have shown that C. hominis predominates (Wumba et al 2012;Gatei et al 2006;Morse et al 2007;Walker al. 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

et al. 2015

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Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are now recognized as neglected tropical parasitic diseases. The risk of their dissemination in developing countries, such as Gabon, is increasing, due to urban crowding and poor sanitation. Accurate, simple and rapid diagnosis tools are thus necessary for the estimation of their real burden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Cryptosporidium (C.) spp. and Giardia (G.) duodenalis in children living in Libreville, Gabon. Stool samples of 173 healthy children were screened by routine microscopic using the merthiolate iodine formol concentration technique for Giardia, the modified Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining for Cryptosporidium and the Immunocard-STAT Ò Crypto/Giardia RDT for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium parasite forms and antigens respectively. G. duodenalis was detected with microscopy and the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia in 27 (15.6 %) and 22 (13.3 %) fecal samples respectively. C. spp. oocysts were found in 18 (10.4 %) ones, whereas only one sample was positive with the immunochromatographic assay. When microscopic examination was considered as the reference method, sensitivity and specificity of the Immunocard-STAT Ò Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay were found to be 63.0 %, 96.6 and 5.5 %, 99.3 % for G. duodenalis and C. spp. respectively. The prevalence of G. duodenalis and C. spp. carriage is high in children from Libreville. A low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia for the detection of both parasites is observed. It is thus inappropriate as a diagnostic tool for detecting asymptomatic carriers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

et al. 2015

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“…C. andersoni is a gastric parasite which has been associated with reduced milk yield in dairy cattle and decreased weight gain in post weaned calves (Olson et al 2004) and is occasionally detected in humans (Leoni et al, 2006;Morse et al, 2007;Waldron et al, 2011;Agholi et al, 2013;Jiang et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2014). Two studies in China by the same research group have reported that C. andersoni was the most prevalent Cryptosporidium species detected in humans Liu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium in animal and human isolates from Jordan

Hijjawi

Mukbel

Yang

et al. 2016

Veterinary Parasitology

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(Mukbel R). #Joint first authors Highlights First genotyping study of Cryptosporidium in animals in Jordan  Faecal samples (n=284) from domestic animals and humans (n=48) screened  Overall prevalence of 11.6% in animals and six species detected.  Novel Cryptosporidium genotype detected in horses AbstractLittle is known about the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in Jordan and to date, only one genotyping study has been conducted on Cryptosporidium isolates from Jordanian children. In the present study, a total of 284 faecal samples from Jordanian cattle, sheep, goats and chicken and 48 human faecal samples were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium using an 18S quantitative PCR (qPCR) and a C. parvum/C. hominis specific qPCR at a lectin locus. Of these, 37 of 284 animal faecal samples were positive by qPCR at the 18S locus giving an overall prevalence of 11.6%. The point prevalence of Cryptosporidium in chickens, sheep, horses, cattle and goats ranged from 4.8% (chickens) to 18.7% (cattle). A total of six species were detected; C. xiaoi (n=9), C.andersoni (n=7), C. ryanae (n=5), C. parvum (n=4), C. baileyi (n=1) and a genetically distinct and potentially novel species in two isolates from horses. Sub-genotype analysis of the 4 C. parvum isolates at the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) locus identified subtype IIaA19G2R1 (n=2) and IIaA16GR1 (n=2). For the human samples, 4 positives (8.3% prevalence) were detected. Of these, two were C. parvum (subtypes IIdA20G1 and IIaA15G2R1) and two were C. hominis (subtypes 1bA9G3 and 1bA10G2R2). Further studies are required to better understand the epidemiology and transmission of Cryptosporidium in Jordan.

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“…Malawian child was also largely based on RFLP analysis, 29 which needs to be confirmed by DNA sequencing because DraI and AseI RFLP is mainly used in species differentiation and C. muris may also share the same pattern. Although the microscopic examination of feces still remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, the results indicate that PCR is more effective than microscopic examination for the detection of coccidiosis.…”

Section: Agholi Hatam and Motazedianmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV/AIDS-Associated Opportunistic Protozoal Diarrhea

Agholi

Hatam

Motazedian

2013

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

114

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has altered both the epidemiology and outcome of enteric opportunistic parasitic infections. This study was done to determine the prevalence and species/genotypes of intestinal coccidian and microsporidial infections among HIV/AIDS patients with diarrhea and/or a history of diarrhea alternately with an asymptomatic interval, and their association with CD4 T cell count. This crosssectional study was done from

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Incidence of cryptosporidiosis species in paediatric patients in Malawi

Cited by 109 publications

References 36 publications

Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium in animal and human isolates from Jordan

HIV/AIDS-Associated Opportunistic Protozoal Diarrhea

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