Incidence of canine rabies in N'Djaména, Chad

Kayali, U; Mindekem, Rolande; Yemadji, N.; Oussiguéré, Assandi; Naïssengar, S.; Ndoutamia, A. G.; Zinsstag, Jakob

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2003.07.002

Cited by 58 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The reported data may have been affected by a pilot vaccination campaign in 2002, which resulted in the vaccination of 3,000 dogs (about one-tenth of the entire dog population) (10) and periods of civil unrest in April-May and November, 2006. The reliability of the diagnostic laboratory tests has been confirmed earlier (11,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…This work is unique in establishing the capacity for rabies diagnosis by immunofluorescence-antibody test (IFAT) at the central veterinary laboratory (Laboratoire de Recherches Vé té rinaires et Zootechniques) in January 2001 (11). After an introductory period of 15 months, the rabies laboratory at LRVZ continued to perform rabies diagnosis by IFAT and recorded dog-rabies diagnoses and human exposure as a routine service.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transmission dynamics and economics of rabies control in dogs and humans in an African city

Zinsstag

Dürr

Penny

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

257

285

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Human rabies in developing countries can be prevented through interventions directed at dogs. Potential cost-savings for the public health sector of interventions aimed at animal-host reservoirs should be assessed. Available deterministic models of rabies transmission between dogs were extended to include dog-to-human rabies transmission. Model parameters were fitted to routine weekly rabid-dog and exposed-human cases reported in N Djamé na, the capital of Chad. The estimated transmission rates between dogs (␤ d) were 0.0807 km 2 /(dogs⅐week) and between dogs and humans (␤ dh ) 0.0002 km 2 /(dogs⅐week). The effective reproductive ratio (R e) at the onset of our observations was estimated at 1.01, indicating low-level endemic stability of rabies transmission. Human rabies incidence depended critically on dog-related transmission parameters. We simulated the effects of mass dog vaccination and the culling of a percentage of the dog population on human rabies incidence. A single parenteral dog rabies-mass vaccination campaign achieving a coverage of least 70% appears to be sufficient to interrupt transmission of rabies to humans for at least 6 years. The cost-effectiveness of mass dog vaccination was compared to postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), which is the current practice in Chad. PEP does not reduce future human exposure. Its cost-effectiveness is estimated at US $46 per disability adjusted life-years averted. Cost-effectiveness for PEP, together with a dog-vaccination campaign, breaks even with cost-effectiveness of PEP alone after almost 5 years. Beyond a time-frame of 7 years, it appears to be more cost-effective to combine parenteral dogvaccination campaigns with human PEP compared to human PEP alone.M ost human deaths from rabies occur in tropical resourcelimited countries (1). In Africa and Asia, an estimated 24,000 to 70,000 people die of rabies each year (2). The domestic dog is the main source of exposure and a primary vector for human rabies (3). Rabies in humans can be prevented by appropriate postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), a treatment not always available and affordable in resource-limited countries. Human rabies can also be prevented through vaccination of the animal vector. Recent work in Africa demonstrates that the intensity of rabies-control efforts seems to depend on the level of perceived prevalence. In the past decades, such efforts have not been able to interrupt cyclical epidemics showing significant synchrony between countries (4). However, evidence of successful and sustained vaccination programs to eliminate dog rabies from South America, Mexico, and the Caribbean provide hope for similar efforts in Africa (5). Unfortunately, human resources, diagnostic capacity, and financial resources of most sub-Saharan African countries are far away from those in South America. Bögel and Meslin show that in areas where the virus continually circulates in the dog population, over a period of 15 years, dog vaccination combined with PEP of dog-bite patients, is more cost-effective than PEP alone (6). In...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission dynamics and economics of rabies control in dogs and humans in an African city

Zinsstag

Dürr

Penny

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

257

285

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“…Our study and the data used have several limitations. First, the sample sizes were quite small (6,7). Furthermore, to maintain dog vaccination rates at the WHO-recommended rate of 70%, dog vaccination campaigns would have to be held every 1-6 years, which could reduce compliance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dog rabies is endemic to Chad; before the vaccination campaigns, the prevalence of dog rabies was ≈1.4-1.7 cases/1,000 unvaccinated dogs (5,6).…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Owner Valuation of Rabies Vaccination of Dogs, Chad

Dürr¹,

Meltzer²,

Mindekem³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Throughout the world, including Africa, dogs are the most important source of the infection to humans (Kayali et al 2003). Rabies is estimated to cause at least 55,000 deaths per year worldwide, about 56% of which occur in Asia and 44% in Africa, particularly in rural areas on both continents, where dogs remain the principal host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Reported Case of Dog Associated Pig Rabies in Ghana

Tasiame¹,

Folitse²,

Emikpe³

et al. 2015

AJID

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Background: Pig rabies is uncommon and there is paucity of information on rabies in pigs in West African countries other than Nigeria. This communication presents a case of dog associated pig rabies in Adidome, Ghana. Materials and Methods: Case history, Dog assessment in adjoining communities, human exposure, clinical presentations and mortality in affected pigs were evaluated using standard techniques. Laboratory screening of brain samples collected was by Fluorescent antibody technique. Results: Stray dog bitten affected pigs showed anorexia, constipation, hyper excitation, twitching of head, roaring and foaming with resultant category 1 and 11 human exposure, 17% mortality and 75% case fatality rate. Laboratory examination of swine brain specimens tested positive for Rabies virus using Fluorescent Agglutination Test.

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Incidence of canine rabies in N'Djaména, Chad

Cited by 58 publications

References 4 publications

Transmission dynamics and economics of rabies control in dogs and humans in an African city

Transmission dynamics and economics of rabies control in dogs and humans in an African city

Owner Valuation of Rabies Vaccination of Dogs, Chad

First Reported Case of Dog Associated Pig Rabies in Ghana

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