The goal of our study was not only to detect the incidence of both minor and major complications in the long bone fracture treatment in dogs, but also establish a rate of radiographically apparent complications which can be functionally tolerable for the patients.The clinical records of 200 dogs with fractures of long bones of the limbs treated at the Clinic of Surgery and Orthopedics at University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno from the beginning of January 1998 through the end of June 1999 were reviewed. Fracture management was performed in 156 dogs with 164 fractures. These fractures were treated by open (86.59% cases) or closed (13.41%) reductions and internal fixation (70.73%), external skeletal fixation (25.61%), and external coaptation (3.66%). Two groups of clinical patients were created. Group I consisted of 64 dogs with outcome information obtained from a questionnaire. The results of treatment in this group were excellent in 70.31% cases, very good in 21.88%, and fair in 7.81%. In group II, 92 dogs having 100 long bone fractures with complete follow-up information obtained from clinical and radiological examinations at our clinic were included. The results of therapy in group II were excellent totally in 81.00% cases, very good in 12.00%, fair in 1.00%, and poor in 6.00%. Complications of fracture healing in this group II were assessed. The complications were found mainly in cases with an interval between injury and fracture fixation longer than 4 days (χ 2 -test; p < 0.01). Clinically sound dogs (with excellent result of therapy) were able to functionally tolerate radiographic abnormalities in consequence of fracture treatment in 44.45% cases (36 of 81 fractures with excellent outcome of therapy).
Fracture, bone healing, nonunion, delayed union, incidence, dogFractures of the long bones of extremities are common in dogs (Johnson et al. 1994). The primary goal of any fracture treatment is to restore the function of the injured limb as soon as possible and completely (Brinker et al. 1984). A variety of fracture treatment options exists, including internal fixation with open reduction (Brinker et al. 1984;Hulse 1997; Neãas 1996), external skeletal fixation with open or closed reduction (Johnson et al. 1998a; J ohnson et al. 1998b; A r o n and T o o mbs 1984), miniinvasive percutaneous insertion of Kirschner wires (Gál and Neãas 1999), and external coaptation (De Camp 1993). Selection of the method of fixation depends on fracture configuration, the size and age of the animal, biological considerations, the number of limbs involved, concurrent musculoskeletal injuries, and financial resources of the client. The last but not least factor determining the method of repair is familiarity of the surgeon with the equipment and techniques.Complications may occur with each type of fracture fixation. Some complications are "acceptable" not only for the surgeon, but also the animal. Minor complications such as slight malalignment (which does not require repositioning) and hypertrophic callus are ...