Incidence of bacteremia after chewing, tooth brushing and scaling in individuals with periodontal inflammation

Forner, Lone; Larsen, Tove; Kilian, Mogens; Holmstrup, Palle

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2006.00924.x

Cited by 587 publications

(591 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

537

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The incidence and magnitude of bacteremia are increased in patients with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy subjects [40–43]. The biological background for the association between periodontitis and CVD has been related to dissemination of bacteria, such as P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans and their products during everyday oral procedures including chewing, tooth brushing, and flossing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biological background for the association between periodontitis and CVD has been related to dissemination of bacteria, such as P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans and their products during everyday oral procedures including chewing, tooth brushing, and flossing. Another potential pathogenic pathway is spillover of inflammatory mediators from periodontal tissues to the circulation during such everyday oral procedures [40]. Notably, both viable oral bacteria and DNA from oral bacteria have been isolated in atheromatous plaques distant from the oral cavity [44–46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immunoglobulin G antibodies againstPorphyromonas gingivalisorAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansin cardiovascular disease and periodontitis

Damgaard

Reinholdt

Enevold

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The aim was to elucidate whether levels of circulating antibodies to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis correlate to loss of attachment, as a marker for periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design: Sera were collected from 576 participants of the Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES). Immunoglobulin G antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and protein antigens from the a, b and c serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were quantified by titration in ELISA plates coated with a mixture of antigens prepared by disintegration of bacteria. Results: Levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis (OR = 1.48) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.31) associated with periodontitis, as determined by univariable logistic regression analysis. These antibody levels also associated with CVD (1.17 and 1.37), respectively, However, after adjusting for other risk factors, including age, smoking, gender, alcohol consumption, overweight, and level of education using multivariable logistic regression analysis, only increasing body mass index (BMI; 1.09), previous smoking (1.99), and increasing age (decades) (2.27) remained associated with CVD. Increased levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis (1.34) remained associated with periodontitis after adjusting for other risk factors. Conclusions: CVD and periodontitis were associated with levels of IgG antibodies to P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans in univariable analyses, but only the association of P. gingivalis antibody levels with periodontitis reached statistical significance after adjustment for common confounders. Age, in particular, influenced this relationship.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin G antibodies againstPorphyromonas gingivalisorAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansin cardiovascular disease and periodontitis

Damgaard

Reinholdt

Enevold

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In diseased tissues, increases in permeability and microulceration of the gingival epithelium allow invasion of microbial products, but the covering of epithelium is maintained continuously or intermittently (Müller‐Glauser & Schroeder, 1982; Hujoel, White, García, & Listgarten, 2001). Various reports (Forner, Larsen, Kilian, & Holmstrup, 2006; Lockhart et al, 2008) have suggested that P. gingivalis itself does not readily invade in the blood circulation via healthy periodontal tissue. Therefore, in this study, P. gingivalis infection was induced in experimental periodontitis after ligating the cervical region of the maxillary molar tooth (Ml) but was not detected in the blood and liver in the HFD/Pg(+) group by real‐time PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyromonas gingivalis induced periodontitis exacerbates progression of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats

Kuraji

Fujita

et al. 2016

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease that can develop into hepatocirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. In recent years, epidemiological and animal studies have reported that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a known periodontopathic bacteria, is closely related to NASH. However, previous studies could not demonstrate a direct relationship between periodontitis, P. gingivalis infection, and NASH. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of P. gingivalis‐associated periodontitis on the onset and progression of NASH. Forty‐two male Wistar rats were used in this study. Rats were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks in order to induce fatty liver. At 4 weeks from the start of feeding, the animals were performed ligature placement around the maxillary first molar tooth in order to induce experimental periodontitis, and then a P. gingivalis slurry was applied around the ligature twice in a week for 8 weeks (HFD/Pg(+) group). Controls were given the slurry without P. gingivalis after ligature placement using the same protocol (HFD/Pg(−) group). Significant increases in alveolar bone resorption and inflammation in periodontal tissue around the molar tooth in the HFD/Pg(+) group were observed when compared with the HFD/Pg(−) group. Moreover, histological images showing NASH characterized by perivenular lipid deposition including big fatty drops, ballooning degeneration, and focal necrosis with inflammatory cells were confirmed in the liver of rats in the HFD/Pg(+) group. Significant increases in alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and C‐reactive protein levels were observed in the HFD/Pg(+) group. Furthermore, endotoxin levels in serum in the HFD/Pg(+) group were significantly higher than those in the HFD/Pg(−) group. The present study demonstrated that experimental periodontitis induced by P. gingivalis led to the progression of NASH in rats with fatty liver. Increased levels of endotoxin derived from P. gingivalis infection appear to play a considerable role in the progression of NASH.

show abstract

“…Patients with acute rheumatic fever had higher levels of serum antibodies that react with ENO1 and bacterial enolase than did patients with streptococcal pharyngitis or healthy control subjects, suggesting the role of streptococcal enolase as a cross-reactive antigen in post-streptococcal autoimmune diseases [23]. The gingival tissues of periodontal lesions are infected with complex bacterial communities, including T. denticola and P. gingivalis , and patients with periodontitis frequently experience bacteremia after tooth brushing or even chewing [24,25]. Although TdEno has the highest homology with ENO1 among the enolases of human-associated bacteria, it is expected that not only TdEno but also the enolases of diverse periodontitis-associated bacteria contribute to the production of anti-ENO1 antibodies in periodontitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treponema denticola enolase contributes to the production of antibodies against ENO1 but not to the progression of periodontitis

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autoantibodies against alpha-enolase (ENO1) are often detected in various infectious and autoimmune diseases. Anti-ENO1 antibody titers were reported to be associated with the severity of periodontitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Because the enolase of the periodontal pathogen Treponema denticola (TdEno) has the highest homology with ENO1 among the enolases of human-associated bacteria, we hypothesized that anti-ENO1 autoantibodies produced during the immune response to TdEno may contribute to the progression of periodontitis and tested it in human and mouse systems. In human subjects with healthy periodontium or chronic periodontitis, a strong positive correlation between the levels of anti-TdEno and anti-ENO1 antibodies was observed. In addition, the purified anti-TdEno antibodies recognized ENO1 as well as TdEno in a dot blot, confirming the cross-reactivity between TdEno and ENO1. However, anti-ENO1 antibody titers were not associated with the severity of periodontitis. To further investigate the role of TdEno in the production of anti-ENO1 antibodies and the progression of periodontitis, mice received an oral gavage of P. gingivalis alone, subcutaneous immunization with TdEno alone, or both P. gingivalis oral gavage and TdEno immunization. Immunization with TdEno induced not only anti-TdEno but also anti-mouse Eno1 (mEno1) antibodies and increased the expression of TNFα in the gingival tissues. However, alveolar bone loss was not increased by TdEno immunization. In conclusion, autoreactive anti-ENO1/mEno1 antibodies that are produced as byproducts during the antibody response to TdEno play a minimal role in the progression of periodontitis in the absence of rheumatoid arthritis.

show abstract

Incidence of bacteremia after chewing, tooth brushing and scaling in individuals with periodontal inflammation

Abstract: The prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases appear to be crucial for the prevention of bacteremia associated with oral procedures.

Cited by 587 publications

References 51 publications

Immunoglobulin G antibodies againstPorphyromonas gingivalisorAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansin cardiovascular disease and periodontitis

Immunoglobulin G antibodies againstPorphyromonas gingivalisorAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansin cardiovascular disease and periodontitis

Porphyromonas gingivalis induced periodontitis exacerbates progression of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats

Treponema denticola enolase contributes to the production of antibodies against ENO1 but not to the progression of periodontitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About